-
1 to the extent and in a manner
English-Russian big medical dictionary > to the extent and in a manner
-
2 to the extent and in the manner
• u granicama i formiEnglish-Serbian dictionary > to the extent and in the manner
-
3 except to the extent and in the manner
außer in dem Umfang und in der ArtFirst banking dictionary > except to the extent and in the manner
-
4 in a manner
1. в некоторой степениa truculent hands-off manner — грозный и неприступный вид;
2. в некотором смысле; до известной степени3. до некоторой степениto answer in a matter-of-course manner — отвечать естественно, будто всё само собой разумеется, будто так и надо
-
5 such
1. adjective, no compar. or superl.1) (of that kind) solch...such a person — solch od. (ugs.) so ein Mensch; ein solcher Mensch
such a book — solch od. (ugs.) so ein Buch; ein solches Buch
such things — so etwas
or some such thing — oder so etwas; oder etwas in der Art
you'll do no such thing — das wirst du nicht tun
there is no such bird — solch einen od. einen solchen Vogel gibt es nicht
experiences such as these — solche od. derartige Erfahrungen
I will take such steps as I think necessary — ich werde die Schritte unternehmen, die ich für notwendig halte
at such a moment as this — in einem Augenblick wie diesem; (disapproving) gerade jetzt
in such a case — in einem solchen od. (ugs.) so einem Fall
for or on such an occasion — zu einem solchen Anlass
such a one as he/she is impossible to replace — jemand wie er/sie ist unersetzlich
I got such a fright that... — ich bekam einen derartigen od. (ugs.) so einen Schrecken, dass...
such was the force of the explosion that... — die Explosion war so stark, dass...
3) with adj. so2. pronounshe has such lovely blue eyes — sie hat so schöne blaue Augen
as such — als solcher/solche/solches; (strictly speaking) im Grunde genommen; an sich
such as — wie [zum Beispiel]
* * *1. adjective1) (of the same kind as that already mentioned or being mentioned: Animals that gnaw, such as mice, rats, rabbits and weasels are called rodents; He came from Bradford or some such place; She asked to see Mr Johnson but was told there was no such person there; I've seen several such buildings; I've never done such a thing before; doctors, dentists and such people.) solch2) (of the great degree already mentioned or being mentioned: If you had telephoned her, she wouldn't have got into such a state of anxiety; She never used to get such bad headaches (as she does now).) derartig3) (of the great degree, or the kind, to have a particular result: He shut the window with such force that the glass broke; She's such a good teacher that the headmaster asked her not to leave; Their problems are such as to make it impossible for them to live together any more.) derartig4) (used for emphasis: This is such a shock! They have been such good friends to me!) solch2. pronoun(such a person or thing, or such persons or things: I have only a few photographs, but can show you such as I have; This isn't a good book as such (= as a book) but it has interesting pictures.) der/die/das, solch- academic.ru/71813/suchlike">suchlike- such-and-such
- such as it is* * *[sʌtʃ, sətʃ]I. adjI had never met \such a person before so [o geh solch] ein Mensch [o ein solcher Mensch] war mir noch nie begegnetI don't spend money on \such things für solche [o fam so] Dinge gebe ich kein Geld auspresent on this grand occasion were Andrew Davies, Melissa Peters and other \such stars bei diesem besonderen Anlass waren Andrew Davies, Melissa Peters und andere Stars dieser Größenordnung zugegenI have been involved in many \such courses ich habe [schon] viele Kurse dieser Art gemachthe said she had a cold, superior manner or some \such remark er sagte, sie sei kalt und überheblich, oder so etwas [o fam was] in der RichtungI tried to tell her in \such a way that she wouldn't be offended ich versuchte es ihr so zu sagen, dass sie nicht beleidigt warI'll show you \such books as I have ich zeige Ihnen, was ich an Büchern habein \such cases in solchen [o fam so] Fällen\such a thing so etwas [o fam was]I'm looking for a cloth for cleaning silver — do you have \such a thing? ich suche ein Tuch, mit dem man Silber putzen kann — führen Sie das?I said no \such thing so etwas habe ich nie gesagt, ich habe nie etwas Derartiges gesagtthere's no \such thing as ghosts so etwas wie Geister gibt es nicht2. (so great) solche(r, s), derartighe' \such an idiot! er ist so [o geh solch] ein Idiot!, er ist ein solcher [o derartiger] Idiot!why are you in \such a hurry? warum bist du so [o derart] in Eile?\such beauty is rare solche [o so viel] Schönheit ist selten3.II. pron1. (of that type) solche(r, s)we were second-class citizens and they treated us as \such wir waren Bürger zweiter Klasse und wurden auch so [o als solche] behandelt\such being the case... wenn das so ist,...\such is life so ist das Leben\such as it is so wie die Dinge liegen\such as it was, we had no alternative but to call our parents so wie die Dinge lagen, blieb uns nichts anderes übrig, als unsere Eltern anzurufenour lunch was \such that we don't really need an evening meal unser Mittagessen war so üppig, dass wir kein Abendessen brauchenthe wound was \such that... die Wunde war so groß, dass...\such is the elegance of his typeface that... seine Schrift ist so elegant, dass...\such as wiesmall companies \such as ours are very vulnerable in a recession Kleinunternehmen wie unseres sind äußerst rezessionsanfälligthat sum of money is to cover costs \such as travel and accommodation dieser Betrag soll Auslagen wie Reise- und Unterbringungskosten abdecken3. (suchlike) dergleichenwe talked about our kids, the weather and \such wir sprachen über unsere Kinder, das Wetter und Ähnliches [o dergleichen4. (strictly speaking)▪ as \such an [und für] sich, eigentlichwe don't have a secretary as \such wir haben eigentlich [o an [und für] sich] keine richtige Sekretärinthere was no vegetarian food as \such es gab kein eigentlich vegetarisches Essen5.▶ \such as it is:you're welcome to borrow my tennis racket, \such as it is du kannst dir gerne meinen Tennisschläger ausborgen — soweit er überhaupt noch viel taugtbreakfast, \such as it was, consisted of a couple of croissants and a cup of coffee das Frühstück, soweit vorhanden, bestand aus ein paar Croissants und einer Tasse Kaffeethe car, \such as it is, will get you to work auch wenn das Auto nicht mehr viel taugt, kannst du damit immer noch zur Arbeit fahrenshe's \such an arrogant person sie ist so [o dermaßen] arrogantthat's \such a good film das ist so ein [o ein wirklich] guter Film\such a big city! was für eine große Stadt!I've never had \such good coffee ich habe noch nie [einen] so guten Kaffee getrunkenit's \such a long time ago es ist [schon] so lange herto be \such a long way [away] so weit weg seinI'd put on \such a lot of weight that... ich hatte so [o dermaßen] viel zugenommen, dass...\such nice weather so schönes Wetterit was \such nice weather that... das Wetter war so schön, dass...\such that... so [o auf die Art]... dass...we still have to link the sentences \such that they constitute a narrative wir müssen die Sätze noch so verbinden, dass sie eine Erzählung ergeben* * *[sʌtʃ]1. adj1) (= of that kind) solche(r, s)such a person — so or solch ein Mensch, ein solcher Mensch
such a book — so ein Buch, ein solches Buch
such people/books — solche Leute/Bücher
many/few/all such people/books — viele/wenige/all solche Leute/Bücher
all such books are very expensive —
such a thing — so etwas, so was
have you got such a thing as...? there's such a thing as divorce — haben Sie so etwas wie...? es gibt so etwas wie eine Scheidung
I'll/you'll do no such thing — ich werde mich/du wirst dich hüten
... or some such idea —... oder so etwas,... oder so was in der Richtung (inf),... oder so ähnlich
... or some such name/place —... oder so (ähnlich)
he was such a one/just such another — er war einer von ihnen/auch (so) einer
men/books such as these, such men/books as these — Männer/Bücher wie diese, solche Männer/Bücher
writers such as Agatha Christie, such writers as Agatha Christie —
he's not such a fool as you think — er ist nicht so dumm, wie Sie denken
I'm not such a fool as to believe that or that I'd believe that — ich bin nicht so dumm or kein solcher Dummkopf, dass ich das glaube
such people as attended — die(jenigen), die anwesend waren
I'll give you such books/money as I have — was ich an Büchern/Geld habe, gebe ich Ihnen
2)(= so much, so great etc)
he's such a liar — er ist so or solch ein Lügner, er ist ein derartiger or solcher Lügnerhe did it in such a way that... — er machte es so, dass...
such wealth! — welch( ein) Reichtum!
3) predhis surprise was such that..., such was his surprise that... — seine Überraschung war so groß, dass..., er war so überrascht, dass...
his manner was such that... —
her speech was such that... — ihre Rede war so gehalten, dass...
4)See:2. advso, solch (geh)3. pronrabbits and hares and such — Kaninchen, Hasen und dergleichen
such being the case... —
such was not my intention — dies war nicht meine Absicht
such as it is — so, wie es nun mal ist
the food, such as there was of it... —
I'll give you such as I have — ich gebe Ihnen, was ich habe
* * *such [sʌtʃ]A adj1. solch(er, e, es), derartig(er, e, es):such a man ein solcher Mann;no such thing nichts dergleichen;there are such things so etwas gibt es oder kommt vor;such a life as they live ein Leben, wie sie es führen;such people as you see here die(jenigen) oder alle Leute, die man hier sieht;a system such as this ein derartiges System;such a one ein solcher, eine solche, ein solches;Mr such and such Herr Soundso;such and such persons die und die Personen2. ähnlich, derartig(er, e, es):such is life so ist das Leben;such as it is wie es nun einmal ist;such being the case da es sich so verhälthe got such a fright that … er bekam einen derartigen Schrecken, dass …;such was the force of the explosion so groß war die Gewalt der Explosion5. umg so gewaltig, solch:we had such fun! wir hatten (ja) so einen Spaß!B adv so, derart:such a nice day so ein schöner Tag;such a long time eine so lange ZeitC pron1. solch(er, e, es), der, die, das, die pl:a) diejenigen, welche; alle, die; solche, die,b) wie (zum Beispiel);such was not my intention das war nicht meine Absicht;man as such der Mensch als solcher;all such alle dieser Art;and such (like) und dergleichen2. umg oder WIRTSCH der-, die-, dasselbe, dieselben pl* * *1. adjective, no compar. or superl.1) (of that kind) solch...such a person — solch od. (ugs.) so ein Mensch; ein solcher Mensch
such a book — solch od. (ugs.) so ein Buch; ein solches Buch
or some such thing — oder so etwas; oder etwas in der Art
there is no such bird — solch einen od. einen solchen Vogel gibt es nicht
experiences such as these — solche od. derartige Erfahrungen
I will take such steps as I think necessary — ich werde die Schritte unternehmen, die ich für notwendig halte
at such a moment as this — in einem Augenblick wie diesem; (disapproving) gerade jetzt
in such a case — in einem solchen od. (ugs.) so einem Fall
for or on such an occasion — zu einem solchen Anlass
such a one as he/she is impossible to replace — jemand wie er/sie ist unersetzlich
2) (so great) solch...; derartigI got such a fright that... — ich bekam einen derartigen od. (ugs.) so einen Schrecken, dass...
such was the force of the explosion that... — die Explosion war so stark, dass...
3) with adj. so2. pronounas such — als solcher/solche/solches; (strictly speaking) im Grunde genommen; an sich
such as — wie [zum Beispiel]
* * *adj.derartig adj.solch adj.solcher adj.solches adj. -
6 all
1. attributive adjective1) (entire extent or quantity of) ganzall my money — all mein Geld; mein ganzes Geld
stop all this noise/shouting! — hör mit dem Krach/Geschrei auf!
all my books — all[e] meine Bücher
where are all the glasses? — wo sind all die Gläser?
All Fools' Day — der 1. April
3) (any whatever) jeglicher/jegliche/jegliches4) (greatest possible)in all innocence — in aller Unschuld
2. nounwith all speed — so schnell wie möglich
1) (all persons) alleone and all — [alle] ohne Ausnahme
the happiest/most beautiful of all — der/die Glücklichste/die Schönste unter allen
most of all — am meisten
he ran fastest of all — er lief am schnellsten
2) (every bit)all of it/the money — alles/das ganze od. alles Geld
3)4) (all things) allesall I need is the money — ich brauche nur das Geld
all is not lost — es ist nicht alles verloren
most of all — am meisten
it was all but impossible — es war fast unmöglich
all in all — alles in allem
it's all the same or all one to me — es ist mir ganz egal od. völlig gleichgültig
you are not disturbing me at all — du störst mich nicht im geringsten
nothing at all — gar nichts
not at all happy/well — überhaupt nicht glücklich/gesund
not at all! — überhaupt nicht!; (acknowledging thanks) gern geschehen!; nichts zu danken!
5) (Sport)3. adverbtwo [goals] all — zwei zu zwei; (Tennis)
all the better/worse [for that] — um so besser/schlimmer
I feel all the better for it — das hat mir wirklich gut getan
all at once — (suddenly) plötzlich; (simultaneously) alle[s] zugleich
be all for something — (coll.) sehr für etwas sein
go all out [to do something] — alles daransetzen[, etwas zu tun]
be all ready [to go] — (coll.) fertig [zum Weggehen] sein (ugs.)
something is all right — etwas ist in Ordnung; (tolerable) etwas ist ganz gut
work out all right — gut gehen; klappen (ugs.)
that's her, all right — das ist sie, ganz recht
yes, all right — ja, gut
it's all right by or with me — das ist mir recht
lie all round the room — überall im Zimmer herumliegen
I don't think he's all there — (coll.) ich glaube, er ist nicht ganz da (ugs.)
* * *[o:l] 1. adjective, pronoun 2. adverb2) ((with the) much; even: Your low pay is all the more reason to find a new job; I feel all the better for a shower.) um so•- academic.ru/94374/all-clear">all-clear- all-out
- all-round
- all-rounder
- all-terrain vehicle
- all along
- all at once
- all in
- all in all
- all over
- all right
- in all* * *I. adj attr, invare those \all the documents you can find? sind das alle Papiere, die du finden kannst?\all my glasses are broken alle meine [o meine ganzen] Gläser sind kaputt, meine Gläser sind alle [o fam allesamt] kaputt\all children should have a right to education alle Kinder sollten ein Recht auf Bildung haben\all her children go to public school alle ihre Kinder besuchen eine Privatschule, ihre Kinder besuchen alle [o fam allesamt] ein Privatschule20% of \all items sold had been reduced 20 % aller verkauften Artikel waren reduziert\all six [of the] men are electricians alle sechs [Männer] sind ElektrikerI had to use \all my powers of persuasion ich musste meine ganze Überzeugungskraft aufbietenI've locked myself out — of \all the stupid things to do! ich habe mich ausgeschlossen! — wie kann man nur so blöd sein!on \all fours auf allen vierenfrom \all directions aus allen Richtungen\all the people alle [Leute]why did the take him, of \all people? warum haben sie ausgerechnet ihn genommen?\all the others alle anderenthey lost \all their money sie haben ihr ganzes Geld verloren\all day [long] den ganzen Tag [lang]\all her life ihr ganzes Lebenfor \all the money trotz des ganzen Geldes\all the time die ganze Zeithe was unemployed for \all that time er war all die Zeit [o die ganze Zeit über] [o während der ganzen Zeit] arbeitslos\all the way den ganzen [weiten] Weg\all week/year die ganze Woche/das ganze Jahr\all wood should be treated jedes Holz sollte [o alle Holzarten sollten] behandelt werden4. (the greatest possible) allin \all honesty [or sincerity] ganz ehrlichwith \all speed so schnell wie möglichin \all probability aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach5. (any whatever) jegliche(r, s)she denied \all knowledge of the matter sie stritt ab, irgendetwas über die Sache zu wissenbeyond \all doubt jenseits allen Zweifels6.for \all her money she is not happy trotz ihres ganzen Geldes ist sie nicht glücklich▶ not as... as \all that:he's not as rich as \all that so reich ist er nun auch wieder nichtII. pronthe best-looking of \all der Bestaussehende von allenwe saw \all of them wir haben [sie] alle gesehen\all of them [or they \all] liked the film der Film hat ihnen allen [o allen von ihnen] gefallenthe house has four bedrooms, \all with balconies das Haus hat vier Schlafzimmer, alle mit Balkonher last novel was [the] best of \all ihr letzter Roman war der beste von allen\all but one of the pupils came to the outing bis auf einen Schüler nahmen alle am Ausflug teil\all and sundry jedermann, Gott und die Weltone and \all allelet's sing now one and \all! lasst uns jetzt alle zusammen singen!\all but... alle außer..., bis auf...2. (everything) allesit was \all very strange es war alles sehr seltsam\all is not lost yet noch ist nicht alles verlorentell me \all about it erzähl mir alles darüberhe's eaten \all of it [or eaten it \all] er hat alles aufgegessenhave you drunk \all of the milk? hast du die ganze Milch getrunken?first of \all zuerst; (most importantly) vor allemmost of \all am meistenthere are many professions which interest him, but most of \all, he'd like to be a zookeeper viele Berufe interessieren ihn, aber am liebsten wäre er Zoowärter\all in one alles in einema corkscrew and bottle-opener \all in one ein Korkenzieher und Flaschenöffner in einemand \all ( fam) und all demwhat with the fog and \all, I'd really not drive tonight ( fam) bei dem Nebel und so möchte ich heute Nacht wirklich nicht fahren famit was \all that he had es war alles, was er hatteit's \all [that] I can do for you mehr kann ich nicht für dich tun\all I want is to be left alone ich will nur in Ruhe gelassen werdenthe remark was so silly, it was \all she could do not to laugh die Bemerkung war so dumm, dass sie sich sehr zusammenreißen musste, um nicht zu lachen\all [that] it takes is a little bit of luck man braucht nur etwas Glückfor \all...:for \all I care,.... von mir aus...for \all I know,... (as far as I know) soviel [o soweit] ich weiß...; (I don't know) was weiß ich,...are the married? — for \all I know they could be sind sie verheiratet? — was weiß ich, schon möglich!where is she? — for \all I know she could be on holidays wo ist sie? — was weiß ich, vielleicht [ist sie] im Urlaub!4. (for emphasis)at \all überhauptdo you ever travel to the States at \all? fährst du überhaupt je in die Staaten?if at \all wenn überhauptnothing [or not anything] at \all überhaupt nichtsnot at \all überhaupt nichtthanks very much for your help — not at \all, it was a pleasure vielen Dank für Ihre Hilfe — keine Ursache [o nichts zu danken], es war mir ein Vergnügen5.get one for me and \all bring mir auch einen▶ in \all insgesamtthat's £20 in \all das macht alles zusammen 20 Pfund▶ \all in \all alles in allemit's going to cost \all of a million dollars das kostet mindestens eine Million Dollarthe book has sold \all of 200/400,000 copies von dem Buch sind ganze 200/gut 400.000 Exemplare verkauft worden▶ to be \all one to sb jdm egal [o gleich] sein▶ \all told insgesamtthey tried a dozen times \all told sie versuchten es insgesamt ein Dutzend Mal1. (entirely) ganz, völligit's \all about money these days heutzutage geht es nur ums Geldshe's been \all round the world sie war schon überall auf der Weltto be \all in favour of sth ganz [o völlig] begeistert von etw dat sein\all in green ganz in Grünto be \all in one piece heil [o unbeschädigt] seinto spill sth \all over the place/floor etw überall/über den gesamten Boden verschüttenthe baby got food \all over its bib das Baby hatte sich sein ganzes Lätzchen vollgekleckertto be not \all that happy nicht gerade glücklich sein\all alone ganz allein\all along die ganze Zeitshe's been fooling us \all along sie hat uns die ganze Zeit getäuschtto be \all over aus und vorbei seinto be \all for doing sth ganz dafür sein, etw zu tunmy son is \all for spending the summer on the beach mein Sohn will den Sommer unbedingt am Strand verbringenthe newspaper was \all advertisements die Zeitung bestand fast nur aus AnzeigenI was \all the family she ever had ich war die einzige Familie, die sie je hattehe was \all smiles er strahlte über das ganze Gesichtto be \all charm seinen ganzen Charme spielenlassento be \all ears ganz Ohr seinto be \all eyes gespannt zusehento be \all a flutter ganz aus dem Häuschen sein famto be \all silk/wool aus reiner Seide/Wolle sein3.\all the better [for that]! umso besser!now that he's a star he'll be \all the more difficult to work with jetzt wo er ein Star ist, wird die Zusammenarbeit mit ihm umso schwieriger seinI feel \all the better for your visit seit du da bist, geht es mir schon viel besser4. (for emphasis) äußerst, ausgesprochenshe was \all excited sie war ganz aufgeregtnow don't get \all upset about it nun reg dich doch nicht so [furchtbar] darüber aufyour proposal is \all very well in theory, but... in der Theorie ist dein Vorschlag ja schön und gut, aber...\all too... nur zu...I'm \all too aware of the problems die Probleme sind mir nur zu gegenwärtigthe end of the holiday came \all too soon der Urlaub war nur viel zu schnell zu Endethe score is three \all es steht drei zu drei [unentschieden] [o drei beide6.she doesn't sing \all that well sie kann nicht besonders toll singen famto not be \all that... (not as much as thought) so... nun auch wieder nicht seinhe's not \all that important so wichtig ist er nun auch wieder nicht7. (nearly)\all but fastthe party was \all but over when we arrived die Party war schon fast vorbei, als wir ankamenit was \all but impossible to read his writing es war nahezu unmöglich, seine Handschrift zu entziffern8.the holiday cost £600 \all in alles inklusive hat der Urlaub hat 600 Pfund gekostet▶ to be \all over sb ( pej: excessively enthusiastic) sich akk [geradezu] auf jdn stürzen; ( fam: harass) jdn total anmachen fam, über jdn herfallen ÖSTERR fam▶ that's sb \all over das sieht jdm ähnlichhe invited me out for dinner and then discovered he didn't have any money — that's Bill \all over! er lud mich ein, mit ihm auswärts zu essen, und merkte dann, dass er kein Geld bei sich hatte — typisch Bill!▶ to be \all over the place [or BRIT shop] ( fam: badly organised) [völlig] chaotisch sein; (confused) völlig von der Rolle [o ÖSTERR daneben] sein famthat was a success/good performance \all round das war ein voller Erfolg/eine rundum gelungene Vorstellunghe bought drinks \all round er gab eine Runde Getränke aus▶ to be not \all there ( fam) nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] sein fam, nicht alle Tassen im Schrank haben fig famit looks as though it's \all up with us now es sieht so aus, als seien wir nun endgültig am Ende fam* * *[ɔːl]1. ADJECTIVEwith nouns plural alle; (singular) ganze(r, s), alle(r, s)When alle is used to translate all the it is not followed by the German article.all the problems have been solved — alle or sämtliche Probleme wurden gelöst
all the tobacco —
all the milk all the fruit — die ganze Milch, alle Milch das ganze Obst, alles Obst
all my books/friends — alle meine Bücher/Freunde, meine ganzen Bücher/Freunde
they all came —
I invited them all — ich habe sie alle eingeladen Note that it all is usually translated by alles alone:
he took/spent it all — er hat alles genommen/ausgegeben
it all happened so quickly — alles geschah so schnell, es geschah alles so schnell
he's seen/done it all — für ihn gibt es nichts Neues mehr, ihn kann nichts mehr erschüttern (inf)
what's all this/that about? — was soll das Ganze?
what's all this/that? — was ist denn das?; (annoyed) was soll denn das!
2. PRONOUN1) = everything allesI'm just curious, that's all — ich bin nur neugierig, das ist alles
that's all he said — das ist alles, was er gesagt hat, mehr hat er nicht gesagt
that is all (that) I can tell you — mehr kann ich Ihnen nicht sagen
it was all I could do not to laugh — ich musste an mich halten, um nicht zu lachen
all of Paris/of the house — ganz Paris/das ganze Haus
all of 5 kms/£5 —
2) = everybody alle plall who knew him — alle, die ihn kannten
the score was two all — es stand zwei zu zwei
3. ADVERB(= quite, entirely) ganzdressed all in white, all dressed in white — ganz in Weiß (gekleidet)
all dirty/excited etc — ganz schmutzig/aufgeregt etc
an all wool carpet — ein reinwollener Teppich, ein Teppich aus reiner Wolle
he ordered whiskies/drinks all round —
I'll tell you all about it — ich erzähl dir alles
4. NOUN__diams; one's all alleshe staked his all on this race/deal — er setzte alles auf dieses Rennen/Unternehmen
5. SET STRUCTURES__diams; all along (= from the start) von Anfang an, die ganze Zeit (über)I feared that all along — das habe ich von Anfang an befürchtet, das habe ich schon die ganze Zeit (über) befürchtet
he all but died —
the party won all but six of the seats — die Partei hat alle außer sechs Sitzen or alle bis auf sechs Sitze gewonnen
I'm all for it! — ich bin ganz dafür __diams; all found insgesamt, alles in allem __diams; all in ( inf
to be or feel all in — total erledigt sein (inf) __diams; all in all alles in allem
all the hotter/prettier/happier etc — noch heißer/hübscher/glücklicher etc
all the funnier because... — umso lustiger, weil...
or vacation (US) — jetzt, wo ich Urlaub gemacht habe, gehts mir viel besser
all the more so since... —
all the same, it's a pity — trotzdem ist es schade
it's all the same to me —
he's all there/not all there — er ist voll da/nicht ganz da (inf) __diams; all too + adjective/adverb
all too soon/quickly — viel zu or allzu früh/schnell
he ate the orange, peel and all — er hat die ganze Orange gegessen, samt der Schale
the whole family came, children and all — die Familie kam mit Kind und Kegel
did/didn't you say anything at all? — haben Sie überhaupt etwas gesagt/gar or überhaupt nichts gesagt?
I'm not at all sure, I'm not sure at all — ich bin mir ganz und gar nicht sicher, ich bin gar nicht ganz sicher
I'm not at all angry etc, I'm not angry etc at all — ich bin überhaupt nicht wütend etc, ich bin ganz und gar nicht wütend etc
for all that — trotz allem, trotzdem
for all I know she could be ill —
is he in Paris? – for all I know he could be — ist er in Paris? – schon möglich, was weiß ich!
ten people in all — insgesamt zehn Personen __diams; all that ( US inf ) einfach super (inf)
it's not all that bad, it's not as bad as all that — so schlimm ist es nun auch wieder nicht
happiest/earliest/clearest etc of all —
I like him best of all — von allen mag ich ihn am liebsten
most of all —
most of all I'd like to be... — am liebsten wäre ich...
the best car of all — das allerbeste Auto __diams; to be all things to all men (person) sich mit jedem gutstellen; (thing, invention, new software etc) das Ideale sein
a party which claims to be all things to all men — eine Partei, die behauptet, allen etwas zu bieten __diams; you all ( US inf ) ihr (alle); (to two people) ihr (beide)
* * *all [ɔːl]A adj1. all, sämtlich, gesamt, vollständig, ganz:all one’s courage seinen ganzen Mut;all mistakes alle oder sämtliche Fehler;all my friends alle meine Freunde;all night (long) die ganze Nacht (hindurch);all (the) day, all day long den ganzen Tag, den lieben langen Tag;all day and every day tagelang; tagaus, tagein;open all day ganztägig geöffnet;a) die ganze Zeit (über),b) ständig, immer;at all times zu jeder Zeit, jederzeit;2. jeder, jede, jedes, alle pl:at all hours zu jeder Stunde;beyond all question ohne Frage, fraglos;in all respects in jeder Hinsicht;3. vollkommen, völlig, total, ganz, rein:all nonsense reiner Unsinn;B adv1. ganz (u. gar), gänzlich, völlig:all alone ganz allein;all the um so …;all the better um so besser;she was all gratitude sie war voll(er) Dankbarkeit;she is all kindness sie ist die Güte selber;all one einerlei, gleichgültig;he is all for it er ist unbedingt dafür;all important äußerst wichtig, entscheidend;all mad völlig verrückt;2. für jede Seite, beide:the score was two all das Spiel stand zwei zu zwei3. poet gerade, ebenC pron alles:all of it alles, das Ganze;all of us wir alle;good night, all gute Nacht allerseits!;all of a year ein ganzes Jahr;that’s all das ist oder wäre alles;that’s all there is to it das ist die ganze Geschichte;all or nothing alles oder nichts;it’s all or nothing for es geht um alles oder nichts für;it all began die ganze Sache begann;and all that und dergleichen;D s1. alles:a) sein Hab und Gut,a) rund(her)um, ringsumher,b) überall,all in all alles in allem;his wife is all in all to him seine Frau bedeutet ihm alles;all out umga) total fertig oder erledigt,b) auf dem Holzweg (im Irrtum),c) mit aller Macht ( for sth auf etwas aus), mit restlosem Einsatz,a) alles daransetzen, aufs Ganze gehen,a) umg ganz und gar,b) überall,c) überallhin, in ganz England etc herum, im ganzen Haus etc herum,d) auch all over one’s body am ganzen Körper, überall that is Doug all over das ist ganz oder typisch Doug, das sieht Doug ähnlich;news from all over Nachrichten von überall her;be all over sb umg an jemandem einen Narren gefressen haben;a) ganz recht oder richtig,b) schon gut,d) na schön!,e) umg mit Sicherheit, ohne Zweifel,f) erlaubt I’m all right bei mir ist alles in Ornung;he’s all right ihm ist nichts passiert;I’m all right, Jack umg Hauptsache, mir geht’s gut;a) geeignet sein oder passen für,b) annehmbar sein für it’s all right for you to laugh du hast gut lachen;I’m all right for money umg bei mir stimmt die Kasse;are you all right in that chair? sitzt du gut in dem Sessel?;is it all right if I’ …? darf ich …?;he arrived all right er ist gut angekommen;a) rund(her)um, ringsumher,b) überall,all there gewitzt, gescheit, auf Draht umg;he is not all there er ist nicht ganz bei Trost;it’s all up with him mit ihm ists aus;he of all people came ausgerechnet er kam;I thought you of all people would understand ich dachte, gerade du würdest das verstehen; (siehe weitere Verbindungen unter den entsprechenden Stichwörtern)* * *1. attributive adjective1) (entire extent or quantity of) ganzall my money — all mein Geld; mein ganzes Geld
stop all this noise/shouting! — hör mit dem Krach/Geschrei auf!
2) (entire number of) alleall my books — all[e] meine Bücher
All Fools' Day — der 1. April
3) (any whatever) jeglicher/jegliche/jegliches2. noun1) (all persons) alleone and all — [alle] ohne Ausnahme
the happiest/most beautiful of all — der/die Glücklichste/die Schönste unter allen
2) (every bit)all of it/the money — alles/das ganze od. alles Geld
3)all of (coll.): (as much as) be all of seven feet tall — gut sieben Fuß groß sein
4) (all things) allesit's all the same or all one to me — es ist mir ganz egal od. völlig gleichgültig
not at all happy/well — überhaupt nicht glücklich/gesund
not at all! — überhaupt nicht!; (acknowledging thanks) gern geschehen!; nichts zu danken!
5) (Sport)3. adverbtwo [goals] all — zwei zu zwei; (Tennis)
all the better/worse [for that] — um so besser/schlimmer
all at once — (suddenly) plötzlich; (simultaneously) alle[s] zugleich
be all for something — (coll.) sehr für etwas sein
be all in — (exhausted) total od. völlig erledigt sein (ugs.)
go all out [to do something] — alles daransetzen[, etwas zu tun]
be all ready [to go] — (coll.) fertig [zum Weggehen] sein (ugs.)
something is all right — etwas ist in Ordnung; (tolerable) etwas ist ganz gut
work out all right — gut gehen; klappen (ugs.)
that's her, all right — das ist sie, ganz recht
yes, all right — ja, gut
it's all right by or with me — das ist mir recht
I don't think he's all there — (coll.) ich glaube, er ist nicht ganz da (ugs.)
* * *adj.all adj.ganz adj.jeder adj.sämtlich adj. -
7 SO
1.[səʊ]adverb1) (by that amount) soas winter draws near, so it gets darker — je näher der Winter rückt, desto dunkler wird es
as fast as the water poured in, so we bailed it out — in dem Maße, wie das Wasser eindrang, schöpften wir es heraus
so... as — so... wie
there is nothing so fine as... — es gibt nichts Schöneres als...
not so [very] difficult/easy — etc. nicht so schwer/leicht usw.
so beautiful a present — so ein schönes Geschenk; ein so schönes Geschenk
and so on [and so forth] — und so weiter [und so fort]
so many — so viele; (unspecified number) soundso viele
so much — so viel; (unspecified amount) soundso viel
the villages are all so much alike — die Dörfer gleichen sich alle so sehr
so much the better — um so besser
not so much... as — weniger... als [eher]
not so much as — (not even) [noch] nicht einmal
2) (in that manner) sothis being so — da dem so ist (geh.)
it so happened that he was not there — er war [zufällig] gerade nicht da
3) (to such a degree) sothis answer so provoked him that... — diese Antwort provozierte ihn so od. derart, dass...
so much so that... — so sehr, dass...; das geht/ging so weit, dass...
4) (with the intent)so as to — um... zu
so [that] — damit
5) (emphatically) soI'm so glad/tired! — ich bin ja so froh/müde!
so kind of you! — wirklich nett von Ihnen!
so sorry! — (coll.) Entschuldigung!; Verzeihung!
6) (indeed)It's a rainbow! - So it is! — Es ist ein Regenbogen! - Ja, wirklich!
you said it was good, and so it was — du sagtest, es sei gut, und so war es auch
is that so? — so? (ugs.); wirklich?
and so he did — und das machte/tat er [dann] auch
it may be so, possibly so — [das ist] möglich
7) (likewise)so am/have/would/could/will/do I — ich auch
8) (thus) soand so it was that... — und so geschah es, dass...
not so! — nein, nein!
9) (replacing clause, phrase, word)he suggested that I should take the train, and if I had done so,... — er riet mir, den Zug zu nehmen, und wenn ich es getan hätte,...
I'm afraid so — leider ja; ich fürchte schon
the teacher said so — der Lehrer hat es gesagt
I suppose so — ich nehme an (ugs.); expr. reluctant agreement wenn es sein muss; granting grudging permission von mir aus
I told you so — ich habe es dir [ja] gesagt
he is a man of the world, so to say or speak — er ist sozusagen ein Mann von Welt
it will take a week or so — es wird so ungefähr (ugs.) od. etwa eine Woche dauern
there were twenty or so people — es waren so (ugs.) um die zwanzig Leute da
2. conjunctionvery much so — in der Tat; allerdings
(therefore) daherso 'that's what he meant — das hat er also gemeint
so 'there you are! — da bist du also!
so that's 'that — (coll.) (it's done) [al]so, das wars (ugs.); (it's over) das wars also (ugs.); (everything has been taken care of) das wärs dann (ugs.)
so 'there! — [und] fertig!; [und damit] basta! (ugs.)
so you see... — du siehst also...
* * *[səu] 1. adverb1) ((used in several types of sentence to express degree) to this extent, or to such an extent: `The snake was about so long,' he said, holding his hands about a metre apart; Don't get so worried!; She was so pleased with his progress in school that she bought him a new bicycle; They couldn't all get into the room, there were so many of them; He departed without so much as (= without even) a goodbye; You've been so (= very) kind to me!; Thank you so much!) so2) ((used to express manner) in this/that way: As you hope to be treated by others, so you must treat them; He likes everything to be (arranged) just so (= in one particular and precise way); It so happens that I have to go to an important meeting tonight.) so3) ((used in place of a word, phrase etc previously used, or something previously stated) as already indicated: `Are you really leaving your job?' `Yes, I've already told you / said so'; `Is she arriving tomorrow?' `Yes, I hope so'; If you haven't read the notice, please do so now; `Is that so (= true)?' `Yes, it's really so'; `Was your father angry?' `Yes, even more so than I was expecting - in fact, so much so that he refused to speak to me all day!) das, so, so... daß4) (in the same way; also: `I hope we'll meet again.' `So do I.'; She has a lot of money and so has her husband.) auch5) ((used to express agreement or confirmation) indeed: `You said you were going shopping today.' `So I did, but I've changed my mind.'; `You'll need this book tomorrow, won't you?' `So I will.') tatsächlich2. conjunction((and) therefore: John had a bad cold, so I took him to the doctor; `So you think you'd like this job, then?' `Yes.'; And so they got married and lived happily ever after.) also- academic.ru/68560/so-called">so-called- so-so
- and so on/forth
- or so
- so as to
- so far
- so good
- so that
- so to say/speak* * *so[səʊ, AM soʊ]1. (to an indicated degree) soI'm \so tired [that] I could sleep in this chair ich bin so müde, dass ich hier im Sessel einschlafen könntehe's quite nice, more \so than I was led to believe er ist ganz nett, viel netter als ich angenommen hattehe's not \so stupid as he looks er ist gar nicht so dumm, wie er aussiehtlook, the gap was about \so wide schau mal, die Lücke war ungefähr so großthe table that I liked best was about \so wide der Tisch, der mir am besten gefallen hat, war ungefähr so breit2. (to a great degree)what are you looking \so pleased about? was freut dich denn so [sehr]?your hair is \so soft dein Haar ist so [unglaublich] weichshe's \so beautiful sie ist so [wunder]schönI am \so cold mir ist so kaltI am \so [very] hungry/thirsty ich bin [ja] so hungrig/durstig!, hab ich einen Durst/einen Riesenhunger! famshe's ever \so kind and nice sie ist ja so freundlich und nett!\so fair a face he could not recall ( liter or old) niemals zuvor hatte er ein so liebreizendes Gesicht gesehen literwhat's \so wrong with that? was ist denn daran so falsch?is that why you hate him \so? ist das der Grund, warum du ihn so sehr hasst?and I love you \so und ich liebe dich so sehryou worry \so [much] du machst dir so viele Sorgen3. (in such a way) sowe've \so planned our holiday that the kids will have a lot of fun wir haben unsere Ferien so geplant, dass die Kinder viel Spaß haben werdengently fold in the eggs like \so rühren Sie die Eier auf diese Weise vorsichtig unter4. (perfect)[to be] just \so genau richtig [sein]I want everything just \so ich will, dass alles perfekt istif you don't do things just \so, he comes along and yells at you wenn du nicht alles absolut richtig machst, kommt er und schreit dich an5. (also, likewise) auchI'm hungry as can be and \so are the kids ich habe einen Riesenhunger und die Kinder auch famI've got an enormous amount of work to do — \so have I ich habe jede Menge Arbeit — ich auchI'm allergic to nuts — \so is my brother ich bin gegen Nüsse allergisch — mein Bruder auchI hope they stay together — I hope \so, too ich hoffe, sie bleiben zusammen — das hoffe ich auchI [very much] hope \so! das hoffe ich doch sehr!6. (yes) jashould we get going now? — I should say \so sollen wir jetzt anfangen? — ja, ich finde schoncan I watch television? — I suppose \so darf ich fernsehen? — na gut, meinetwegen [o von mir aus]is this that the correct answer? — I suppose \so ist das die richtige Antwort? — ich glaube schon [o ja]I'm afraid \so ich fürchte jahaha, you don't have a bike — I do \so haha, du hast ja gar kein Fahrrad — hab' ich wohl!8. (that) das\so they say so sagt man\so I believe [das] glaube ich jedenfallsI'm sorry I'm late — \so you should be es tut mir leid, dass ich mich verspätet habe — das will ich auch schwer hoffen... or \so they say/I've heard... so heißt es jedenfalls/das habe ich zumindest gehörtCarla's coming over this summer or \so I've heard Carla kommt diesen Sommer, [das] habe ich jedenfalls gehörtwell then, \so be it also gutI told you \so ich habe es dir ja [o doch] gesagthe looks like James Dean — \so he does er sieht aus wie James Dean — stimmt!is that \so? ist das wahr?, stimmt das?\so it is das stimmtif \so... wenn das so ist...that being \so,... angesichts dieser Tatsache...to be quite \so wirklich stimmen10. (this way, like that) soI'm sure it's better \so ich bin sicher, so ist es besserand \so it was und so kam es dann auchand \so it was that... und so kam es, dass...it \so happened that I was in the area ich war zufällig [gerade] in der Näheand \so forth [or on] und so weiter\so to say [or speak] sozusagen11.▶ \so far \so good so weit, so gut▶ \so long bis dann [o später]▶ \so much for that so viel zum ThemaII. conj1. (therefore) deshalb, daherI couldn't find you \so I left ich konnte dich nicht finden, also bin ich gegangenmy landlord kicked me out and \so I was forced to seek yet another apartment mein Vermieter hat mich rausgeworfen, weshalb ich mir schon wieder eine neue Wohnung suchen musstehe said he wanted to come along, \so I told him that... er sagte, er wolle mitfahren, worauf ich ihm mitteilte, dass...3. (introducing a sentence) also\so we leave on the Thursday wir fahren also an diesem Donnerstag\so that's what he does when I'm not around das macht er also, wenn ich nicht da bin\so where have you been? wo warst du denn die ganze Zeit?\so what's the problem? wo liegt denn das Problem?\so that's that for now das wär's dann fürs Erste fam4. (in order to) damitbe quiet \so she can concentrate sei still, damit sie sich konzentrieren kann5.I'll join the army \so long as you do too ich gehe zum Militär, sofern du auch gehst\so long as he doesn't go too far,... solange er nicht zu weit geht,...that's \so 70's das ist typisch 70er fam* * *abbr S* * *SO abk Br Stationery Office (Amt, das Publikationen der Regierungsstellen herausgibt und für die Verteilung von Büroartikeln an Ministerien und Ämter zuständig ist)* * *1.[səʊ]adverb1) (by that amount) soas winter draws near, so it gets darker — je näher der Winter rückt, desto dunkler wird es
as fast as the water poured in, so we bailed it out — in dem Maße, wie das Wasser eindrang, schöpften wir es heraus
so... as — so... wie
there is nothing so fine as... — es gibt nichts Schöneres als...
not so [very] difficult/easy — etc. nicht so schwer/leicht usw.
so beautiful a present — so ein schönes Geschenk; ein so schönes Geschenk
so far — bis hierher; (until now) bisher; bis jetzt; (to such a distance) so weit
and so on [and so forth] — und so weiter [und so fort]
so many — so viele; (unspecified number) soundso viele
so much — so viel; (unspecified amount) soundso viel
so much for him/his plans — (that is all) das wärs, was ihn/seine Pläne angeht
not so much... as — weniger... als [eher]
not so much as — (not even) [noch] nicht einmal
2) (in that manner) sothis being so — da dem so ist (geh.)
it so happened that he was not there — er war [zufällig] gerade nicht da
3) (to such a degree) sothis answer so provoked him that... — diese Antwort provozierte ihn so od. derart, dass...
so much so that... — so sehr, dass...; das geht/ging so weit, dass...
so as to — um... zu
so [that] — damit
5) (emphatically) soI'm so glad/tired! — ich bin ja so froh/müde!
so sorry! — (coll.) Entschuldigung!; Verzeihung!
6) (indeed)It's a rainbow! - So it is! — Es ist ein Regenbogen! - Ja, wirklich!
you said it was good, and so it was — du sagtest, es sei gut, und so war es auch
is that so? — so? (ugs.); wirklich?
and so he did — und das machte/tat er [dann] auch
it may be so, possibly so — [das ist] möglich
7) (likewise)so am/have/would/could/will/do I — ich auch
8) (thus) soand so it was that... — und so geschah es, dass...
not so! — nein, nein!
9) (replacing clause, phrase, word)he suggested that I should take the train, and if I had done so,... — er riet mir, den Zug zu nehmen, und wenn ich es getan hätte,...
I'm afraid so — leider ja; ich fürchte schon
I suppose so — ich nehme an (ugs.); expr. reluctant agreement wenn es sein muss; granting grudging permission von mir aus
I told you so — ich habe es dir [ja] gesagt
he is a man of the world, so to say or speak — er ist sozusagen ein Mann von Welt
it will take a week or so — es wird so ungefähr (ugs.) od. etwa eine Woche dauern
there were twenty or so people — es waren so (ugs.) um die zwanzig Leute da
2. conjunctionvery much so — in der Tat; allerdings
(therefore) daherso that's 'that — (coll.) (it's done) [al]so, das wars (ugs.); (it's over) das wars also (ugs.); (everything has been taken care of) das wärs dann (ugs.)
so 'there! — [und] fertig!; [und damit] basta! (ugs.)
so you see... — du siehst also...
* * *adv.also adv.daher adv.demnach adv.so adv. -
8 so
1.[səʊ]adverb1) (by that amount) soas winter draws near, so it gets darker — je näher der Winter rückt, desto dunkler wird es
as fast as the water poured in, so we bailed it out — in dem Maße, wie das Wasser eindrang, schöpften wir es heraus
so... as — so... wie
there is nothing so fine as... — es gibt nichts Schöneres als...
not so [very] difficult/easy — etc. nicht so schwer/leicht usw.
so beautiful a present — so ein schönes Geschenk; ein so schönes Geschenk
and so on [and so forth] — und so weiter [und so fort]
so many — so viele; (unspecified number) soundso viele
so much — so viel; (unspecified amount) soundso viel
the villages are all so much alike — die Dörfer gleichen sich alle so sehr
so much the better — um so besser
not so much... as — weniger... als [eher]
not so much as — (not even) [noch] nicht einmal
2) (in that manner) sothis being so — da dem so ist (geh.)
it so happened that he was not there — er war [zufällig] gerade nicht da
3) (to such a degree) sothis answer so provoked him that... — diese Antwort provozierte ihn so od. derart, dass...
so much so that... — so sehr, dass...; das geht/ging so weit, dass...
4) (with the intent)so as to — um... zu
so [that] — damit
5) (emphatically) soI'm so glad/tired! — ich bin ja so froh/müde!
so kind of you! — wirklich nett von Ihnen!
so sorry! — (coll.) Entschuldigung!; Verzeihung!
6) (indeed)It's a rainbow! - So it is! — Es ist ein Regenbogen! - Ja, wirklich!
you said it was good, and so it was — du sagtest, es sei gut, und so war es auch
is that so? — so? (ugs.); wirklich?
and so he did — und das machte/tat er [dann] auch
it may be so, possibly so — [das ist] möglich
7) (likewise)so am/have/would/could/will/do I — ich auch
8) (thus) soand so it was that... — und so geschah es, dass...
not so! — nein, nein!
9) (replacing clause, phrase, word)he suggested that I should take the train, and if I had done so,... — er riet mir, den Zug zu nehmen, und wenn ich es getan hätte,...
I'm afraid so — leider ja; ich fürchte schon
the teacher said so — der Lehrer hat es gesagt
I suppose so — ich nehme an (ugs.); expr. reluctant agreement wenn es sein muss; granting grudging permission von mir aus
I told you so — ich habe es dir [ja] gesagt
he is a man of the world, so to say or speak — er ist sozusagen ein Mann von Welt
it will take a week or so — es wird so ungefähr (ugs.) od. etwa eine Woche dauern
there were twenty or so people — es waren so (ugs.) um die zwanzig Leute da
2. conjunctionvery much so — in der Tat; allerdings
(therefore) daherso 'that's what he meant — das hat er also gemeint
so 'there you are! — da bist du also!
so that's 'that — (coll.) (it's done) [al]so, das wars (ugs.); (it's over) das wars also (ugs.); (everything has been taken care of) das wärs dann (ugs.)
so 'there! — [und] fertig!; [und damit] basta! (ugs.)
so you see... — du siehst also...
* * *[səu] 1. adverb1) ((used in several types of sentence to express degree) to this extent, or to such an extent: `The snake was about so long,' he said, holding his hands about a metre apart; Don't get so worried!; She was so pleased with his progress in school that she bought him a new bicycle; They couldn't all get into the room, there were so many of them; He departed without so much as (= without even) a goodbye; You've been so (= very) kind to me!; Thank you so much!) so2) ((used to express manner) in this/that way: As you hope to be treated by others, so you must treat them; He likes everything to be (arranged) just so (= in one particular and precise way); It so happens that I have to go to an important meeting tonight.) so3) ((used in place of a word, phrase etc previously used, or something previously stated) as already indicated: `Are you really leaving your job?' `Yes, I've already told you / said so'; `Is she arriving tomorrow?' `Yes, I hope so'; If you haven't read the notice, please do so now; `Is that so (= true)?' `Yes, it's really so'; `Was your father angry?' `Yes, even more so than I was expecting - in fact, so much so that he refused to speak to me all day!) das, so, so... daß4) (in the same way; also: `I hope we'll meet again.' `So do I.'; She has a lot of money and so has her husband.) auch5) ((used to express agreement or confirmation) indeed: `You said you were going shopping today.' `So I did, but I've changed my mind.'; `You'll need this book tomorrow, won't you?' `So I will.') tatsächlich2. conjunction((and) therefore: John had a bad cold, so I took him to the doctor; `So you think you'd like this job, then?' `Yes.'; And so they got married and lived happily ever after.) also- academic.ru/68560/so-called">so-called- so-so
- and so on/forth
- or so
- so as to
- so far
- so good
- so that
- so to say/speak* * *so[səʊ, AM soʊ]1. (to an indicated degree) soI'm \so tired [that] I could sleep in this chair ich bin so müde, dass ich hier im Sessel einschlafen könntehe's quite nice, more \so than I was led to believe er ist ganz nett, viel netter als ich angenommen hattehe's not \so stupid as he looks er ist gar nicht so dumm, wie er aussiehtlook, the gap was about \so wide schau mal, die Lücke war ungefähr so großthe table that I liked best was about \so wide der Tisch, der mir am besten gefallen hat, war ungefähr so breit2. (to a great degree)what are you looking \so pleased about? was freut dich denn so [sehr]?your hair is \so soft dein Haar ist so [unglaublich] weichshe's \so beautiful sie ist so [wunder]schönI am \so cold mir ist so kaltI am \so [very] hungry/thirsty ich bin [ja] so hungrig/durstig!, hab ich einen Durst/einen Riesenhunger! famshe's ever \so kind and nice sie ist ja so freundlich und nett!\so fair a face he could not recall ( liter or old) niemals zuvor hatte er ein so liebreizendes Gesicht gesehen literwhat's \so wrong with that? was ist denn daran so falsch?is that why you hate him \so? ist das der Grund, warum du ihn so sehr hasst?and I love you \so und ich liebe dich so sehryou worry \so [much] du machst dir so viele Sorgen3. (in such a way) sowe've \so planned our holiday that the kids will have a lot of fun wir haben unsere Ferien so geplant, dass die Kinder viel Spaß haben werdengently fold in the eggs like \so rühren Sie die Eier auf diese Weise vorsichtig unter4. (perfect)[to be] just \so genau richtig [sein]I want everything just \so ich will, dass alles perfekt istif you don't do things just \so, he comes along and yells at you wenn du nicht alles absolut richtig machst, kommt er und schreit dich an5. (also, likewise) auchI'm hungry as can be and \so are the kids ich habe einen Riesenhunger und die Kinder auch famI've got an enormous amount of work to do — \so have I ich habe jede Menge Arbeit — ich auchI'm allergic to nuts — \so is my brother ich bin gegen Nüsse allergisch — mein Bruder auchI hope they stay together — I hope \so, too ich hoffe, sie bleiben zusammen — das hoffe ich auchI [very much] hope \so! das hoffe ich doch sehr!6. (yes) jashould we get going now? — I should say \so sollen wir jetzt anfangen? — ja, ich finde schoncan I watch television? — I suppose \so darf ich fernsehen? — na gut, meinetwegen [o von mir aus]is this that the correct answer? — I suppose \so ist das die richtige Antwort? — ich glaube schon [o ja]I'm afraid \so ich fürchte jahaha, you don't have a bike — I do \so haha, du hast ja gar kein Fahrrad — hab' ich wohl!8. (that) das\so they say so sagt man\so I believe [das] glaube ich jedenfallsI'm sorry I'm late — \so you should be es tut mir leid, dass ich mich verspätet habe — das will ich auch schwer hoffen... or \so they say/I've heard... so heißt es jedenfalls/das habe ich zumindest gehörtCarla's coming over this summer or \so I've heard Carla kommt diesen Sommer, [das] habe ich jedenfalls gehörtwell then, \so be it also gutI told you \so ich habe es dir ja [o doch] gesagthe looks like James Dean — \so he does er sieht aus wie James Dean — stimmt!is that \so? ist das wahr?, stimmt das?\so it is das stimmtif \so... wenn das so ist...that being \so,... angesichts dieser Tatsache...to be quite \so wirklich stimmen10. (this way, like that) soI'm sure it's better \so ich bin sicher, so ist es besserand \so it was und so kam es dann auchand \so it was that... und so kam es, dass...it \so happened that I was in the area ich war zufällig [gerade] in der Näheand \so forth [or on] und so weiter\so to say [or speak] sozusagen11.▶ \so far \so good so weit, so gut▶ \so long bis dann [o später]▶ \so much for that so viel zum ThemaII. conj1. (therefore) deshalb, daherI couldn't find you \so I left ich konnte dich nicht finden, also bin ich gegangenmy landlord kicked me out and \so I was forced to seek yet another apartment mein Vermieter hat mich rausgeworfen, weshalb ich mir schon wieder eine neue Wohnung suchen musstehe said he wanted to come along, \so I told him that... er sagte, er wolle mitfahren, worauf ich ihm mitteilte, dass...3. (introducing a sentence) also\so we leave on the Thursday wir fahren also an diesem Donnerstag\so that's what he does when I'm not around das macht er also, wenn ich nicht da bin\so where have you been? wo warst du denn die ganze Zeit?\so what's the problem? wo liegt denn das Problem?\so that's that for now das wär's dann fürs Erste fam4. (in order to) damitbe quiet \so she can concentrate sei still, damit sie sich konzentrieren kann5.I'll join the army \so long as you do too ich gehe zum Militär, sofern du auch gehst\so long as he doesn't go too far,... solange er nicht zu weit geht,...that's \so 70's das ist typisch 70er fam* * *abbr S* * *so1 [səʊ]A adv1. (meist vor adj und adv) so, dermaßen:so great a man ein so großer Mann;I am so glad ich freue mich (ja) so;you are so right ganz richtig3. so (…, dass):4. so, in dieser Weise:so it is (genau) so ist es, stimmt;is that so? wirklich?;so as to sodass, um zu;so that sodass;or so etwa, oder so;in an hour or so so in einer Stunde;why so? warum?, wieso?;how so? wie (kommt) das?;a) es, das:I hope so ich hoffe es;I have never said so das habe ich nie behauptet;I think so ich glaube oder denke schon;I should think so ich denke doch!, das will ich meinen!;what makes you think so? wie kommst du denn da drauf?;I told you so ich habe es dir ja (gleich) gesagtb) auch:you are tired and so am I du bist müde und ich (bin es) auch;I am stupid - so you are allerdings(, das bist du)!6. also:so you came after all du bist also doch (noch) gekommen;so what? umg na und?, na wenn schon?B konj daher, folglich, deshalb, also, und so, so … denn:he was ill, so they were quiet er war krank, deshalb waren sie ruhig;it was necessary, so we did it es war nötig, und so taten wir es (denn)so2 [səʊ] → sol2* * *1.[səʊ]adverb1) (by that amount) soas winter draws near, so it gets darker — je näher der Winter rückt, desto dunkler wird es
as fast as the water poured in, so we bailed it out — in dem Maße, wie das Wasser eindrang, schöpften wir es heraus
so... as — so... wie
there is nothing so fine as... — es gibt nichts Schöneres als...
not so [very] difficult/easy — etc. nicht so schwer/leicht usw.
so beautiful a present — so ein schönes Geschenk; ein so schönes Geschenk
so far — bis hierher; (until now) bisher; bis jetzt; (to such a distance) so weit
and so on [and so forth] — und so weiter [und so fort]
so many — so viele; (unspecified number) soundso viele
so much — so viel; (unspecified amount) soundso viel
so much for him/his plans — (that is all) das wärs, was ihn/seine Pläne angeht
not so much... as — weniger... als [eher]
not so much as — (not even) [noch] nicht einmal
2) (in that manner) sothis being so — da dem so ist (geh.)
it so happened that he was not there — er war [zufällig] gerade nicht da
3) (to such a degree) sothis answer so provoked him that... — diese Antwort provozierte ihn so od. derart, dass...
so much so that... — so sehr, dass...; das geht/ging so weit, dass...
so as to — um... zu
so [that] — damit
5) (emphatically) soI'm so glad/tired! — ich bin ja so froh/müde!
so sorry! — (coll.) Entschuldigung!; Verzeihung!
6) (indeed)It's a rainbow! - So it is! — Es ist ein Regenbogen! - Ja, wirklich!
you said it was good, and so it was — du sagtest, es sei gut, und so war es auch
is that so? — so? (ugs.); wirklich?
and so he did — und das machte/tat er [dann] auch
it may be so, possibly so — [das ist] möglich
7) (likewise)so am/have/would/could/will/do I — ich auch
8) (thus) soand so it was that... — und so geschah es, dass...
not so! — nein, nein!
9) (replacing clause, phrase, word)he suggested that I should take the train, and if I had done so,... — er riet mir, den Zug zu nehmen, und wenn ich es getan hätte,...
I'm afraid so — leider ja; ich fürchte schon
I suppose so — ich nehme an (ugs.); expr. reluctant agreement wenn es sein muss; granting grudging permission von mir aus
I told you so — ich habe es dir [ja] gesagt
he is a man of the world, so to say or speak — er ist sozusagen ein Mann von Welt
it will take a week or so — es wird so ungefähr (ugs.) od. etwa eine Woche dauern
there were twenty or so people — es waren so (ugs.) um die zwanzig Leute da
2. conjunctionvery much so — in der Tat; allerdings
(therefore) daherso that's 'that — (coll.) (it's done) [al]so, das wars (ugs.); (it's over) das wars also (ugs.); (everything has been taken care of) das wärs dann (ugs.)
so 'there! — [und] fertig!; [und damit] basta! (ugs.)
so you see... — du siehst also...
* * *adv.also adv.daher adv.demnach adv.so adv. -
9 what
1. interrogative adjective1) (asking for selection) welch...what book did you choose? — welches Buch hast du ausgesucht?
what men/money has he? — wie viele Leute/wieviel Geld hat er?
I know what time it starts — ich weiß, um wieviel Uhr es anfängt
what more can I do/say? — was kann ich sonst noch tun/sagen?
2. exclamatory adjectivewhat more do you want? — was willst du [noch] mehr?
1) (how great) was für3. relative adjectivewhat impudence or cheek/luck! — was für eine Unverschämtheit od. Frechheit/was für ein Glück!
we can dispose of what difficulties there are remaining — wir können die verbleibenden Schwierigkeiten ausräumen
lend me what money you can — leih mir soviel Geld, wie du kannst
4. adverbI will give you what help I can — ich werde dir helfen, so gut ich kann
1) (to what extent)2)what with... — wenn man an... denkt
5. interrogative pronounwhat with changing jobs and moving house I haven't had time to do any studying — da ich eine neue Stellung angetreten habe und umgezogen bin, hatte ich keine Zeit zum Lernen
what is your name? — wie heißt du/heißen Sie?
what about...? — (is there any news of...?, what will become of...?) was ist mit...?
what-d'you-[ma-] call-him/-her/-it, what's-his/-her/-its-name — wie heißt er/sie/es noch
and/or what have you — und/oder was sonst noch [alles]
what if...? — was ist, wenn...?
what is it etc. like? — wie ist es usw.?
what of it? — was ist dabei?; was soll [schon] dabei sein?
what do you say — or (Amer.)
what say we have a rest? — was hältst du davon, wenn wir mal Pause machen?; wie wär's mit einer Pause?
[I'll] tell you what — weißt du, was; pass mal auf
[and] what then? — [na] und?
what? — wie?; was? (ugs.)
3) in rhet. questions equivalent to neg. statement6. relative pronounwhat is the use in trying/the point of going on? — wozu [groß] versuchen/weitermachen?
(that which) waswhat little I know/remember — das bisschen, das ich weiß/an das ich mich erinnere
this is what I mean:... — ich meine Folgendes:...
tell somebody what to do or what he can do with something — (coll. iron.) jemandem sagen, wo er sich (Dat.) etwas hinstecken kann (salopp)
the weather being what it is... — so, wie es mit dem Wetter aussieht,...
7. exclamatory pronounfor what it is — in seiner Art
* * *(whoever, whatever, wherever etc: No matter what happens, I'll go.) gleichgültig wer, was, etc.* * *[(h)wɒt, AM (h)wʌt]I. pron\what happened after I left? was geschah, nachdem ich gegangen war?they asked me \what I needed to buy sie fragten mich, was ich kaufen müsse\what do you do? was machst du [beruflich]?\what's your address? wie lautet deine Adresse?\what's that called? wie heißt das?\what's your phone number? wie ist deine Telefonnummer?\what is your name? wie heißt du?\what are you looking for? wonach suchst du?\what on earth are you talking about? wovon redest du da bloß?\what in God's/heaven's name...? was um Gottes/Himmels willen...?\what in God's name did you think was likely to happen? was, um Gottes willen, hast du gedacht, würde passieren?\what's the matter [or \what's [up]]? was ist los?\what's [up] with Terry this week? was ist diese Woche mit Terry los?\what have we [or you] here? was haben wir denn da?\what have you here? is that a science project? was ist denn das? ist das ein wissenschaftliches Projekt?\what about sb/sth? ( fam) was ist mit jdm/etw?\what about Lila? — shall we invite her? was ist mit Lila? — sollen wir sie einladen?\what about taking a few days off? wie wäre es mit ein paar Tagen Urlaub?hey, \what about going to the movies? he, wie wär's mit Kino?you want a hammer and a screwdriver? \what for? du möchtest einen Hammer und einen Schraubenzieher? wofür?\what are these tools for? wofür ist dieses Werkzeug?\what is he keeping it secret for? warum hält er es geheim?I'll give you \what for if I catch you doing that again es setzt was, wenn ich dich noch einmal dabei erwische fam\what is sb/sth like? wie ist jd/etw?\what's the weather like? wie ist das Wetter?\what of it? was soll's?so not many people replied to the questionnaire — what of it, there were enough es haben also nicht viele Leute auf die Umfrage geantwortet — na und, es waren genug\what's on? was gibt's?hi everybody, \what's on here? hallo, alle miteinander, was gibt's?\what's it to you? was geht dich das an?\what if...? was ist, wenn...?\what if the train's late? was ist, wenn der Zug Verspätung hat?are you going to help me or \what? hilfst du mir nun oder was?she wouldn't tell me \what he said sie wollte mir nicht erzählen, was er gesagt hattethat's \what he said das hat er gesagtshe has no income but \what she gets from him sie hat kein Einkommen außer dem, was sie von ihm bekommtthat's \what he asked for das ist es, worum er gebeten hat\what's more... darüber hinaus..., und außerdem...the decorations were beautiful and \what's more, the children made them themselves die Dekoration war schön, und vor allem hatten die Kinder sie selbst gemachtfor a binder try soup, gravy, cream or \what have you zum Binden nehmen Sie Suppe, Soße, Sahne oder etwas Ähnlichesyou'll never guess \what — Laurie won first prize! du wirst es nie erraten — Laurie hat den ersten Preis gewonnen!I'll tell you \what ich will dir mal was sagenI'll tell you \what — we'll collect the parcel on our way to the station ( fam) weißt du was? wir holen das Paket auf dem Weg zum Bahnhof abdo \what you can but I don't think anything will help tu, was du kannst, aber glaub' nicht, dass etwas hilftit doesn't matter \what I say — they always criticize me ich kann sagen, was ich will — sie kritisieren mich immercome \what may komme, was wolle\what sb says goes was jd sagt, gilt\what's this I hear? you're leaving? was höre ich da? du gehst?while I was there I stayed with the President — you did what? als ich dort war, habe ich beim Präsidenten gewohnt — du hast was gemacht?... or \what!... oder was!is he smart or \what! ist er intelligent oder was!6.▶ \what's it called [or \what do you call it] wie heißt es gleichit looks like a \what's it called — a plunger? es sieht aus wie ein Dings, ein Tauchkolbenyou've been in a bad mood all day long — \what gives? du bist schon den ganzen Tag schlechter Laune — was ist los?I'll teach her \what's \what ich werde ihr beibringen, was Sache istyou have to ask the manager about that problem — he knows \what's \what du musst den Manager wegen dieses Problems fragen — er kennt sich aus▶ \what's his/her name [or ( fam)\what do you call him/her] [or (fam!)\what's his/her face] wie heißt er/sie gleich?I gave it to \what's her name — the new girl ich habe es dem neuen Mädchen — wie heißt es gleich [noch] — gegebenshe puts all her figurines and \what not in the glass case there sie stellt ihre Figuren und ähnliches Zeug in die Vitrine dort fam▶ \what say... wie wäre es, wenn...\what say we call a tea break? wie wäre es mit einer Pause?\what with the drought and the neglect, the garden is in a sad condition bei der Trockenheit und der Vernachlässigung ist der Garten in traurigem ZustandI'm very tired, \what with travelling all day yesterday and having a disturbed night ich bin sehr müde, wo ich doch gestern den ganzen Tag gefahren bin und schlecht geschlafen habe1. (which) welche(r, s)\what time is it? wie spät ist es?\what books did you buy? was für Bücher hast du gekauft?\what size shoes do you take? welche Schuhgröße haben Sie?\what sort of car do you drive? was für ein Auto fährst du?I don't know \what children she was talking about ich weiß nicht, von welchen Kindern sie sprachdo you know \what excuse he gave me? weißt du, welche Entschuldigung er mir gegeben hat?2. (of amount)use \what [little] brain you have and work out the answer for yourself! benutze dein [bisschen] Hirn und erarbeite dir die Antwort selbst! famshe took \what [sums of] money she could find sie nahm alles Geld, das sie finden konntehe had been robbed of \what little money he had man hat ihm das bisschen Geld geraubt, das er hatte3. (used for emphasis) was für\what a lovely view! was für ein herrlicher Ausblick!\what a fool she was wie dumm sie war\what fool I am! ich Idiot!\what a day! was für ein Tag!\what luck! was für ein Glück!\what nonsense [or rubbish]! was für ein Unsinn!\what a pity [or shame]! wie schade!1. (to what extent?) was\what do qualifications matter? was zählen schon Qualifikationen?\what do you care if I get myself run over? dir ist es doch egal, wenn ich mich überfahren lasse!\what does he care about the problems of teenagers? was kümmern ihn die Probleme von Teenagern?\what does it matter? was macht's? fam2. (indicating approximation) sagen wirsee you, \what, about four? bis um, sagen wir vier?pretty poor show, \what? ziemlich schlechte Show, nicht?IV. interj\what? I can't hear you was? ich höre dich nicht2. (showing surprise or disbelief) was\what! you left him there alone! was? du hast ihn da allein gelassen?* * *[wɒt]1. pron1) (interrog) waswhat is this called? — wie heißt das?, wie nennt man das?
what is it now?, what do you want now? — was ist denn?
what's that (you/he etc said)? — WAS hast du/hat er etc da gerade gesagt?, wie or was war das noch mal? (inf)
what for? — wozu?, wofür?, für was? (inf)
what's that tool for? —
what are you looking at me like that for? — warum or was (inf) siehst du mich denn so an?
what about...? —
well, what about it? are we going? — na, wie ists, gehen wir?
you know that restaurant? – what about it? — kennst du das Restaurant? – was ist damit?
what of or about it? — na und? (inf)
what if...? — was ist, wenn...?
what-d'you(-ma)-call-him/-her/-it (inf) — wie heißt er/sie/es gleich or schnell
2) (rel) washe knows what it is to suffer — er weiß, was leiden heißt or ist
that's exactly what I want/said — genau das möchte ich/habe ich gesagt
do you know what you are looking for? — weißt du, wonach du suchst?
what I'd like is a cup of tea — was ich jetzt gerne hätte, (das) wäre ein Tee
what with work and the new baby, life's been very hectic — die ganze Arbeit, das Baby ist da - es ist alles sehr hektisch
what with one thing and the other — und wie es sich dann so ergab/ergibt, wie das so ist or geht
and what's more — und außerdem, und noch dazu
and what have you (inf) — und was sonst noch (alles), und was weiß ich
See:→ academic.ru/81882/whatnot">whatnot3)(with vb +prep see also there)
what did he agree to? — wozu hat er zugestimmt?he agreed/objected to what we suggested — er stimmte unseren Vorschlägen zu/lehnte unsere Vorschläge ab, er lehnte ab, was wir vorschlugen
he didn't know what he was agreeing/objecting to — er wusste nicht, wozu er zustimmte/was er ablehnte
he didn't go into what he meant — er erläuterte nicht im Einzelnen, was er meinte
2. adj1) (interrog) welche(r, s), was für (ein/eine) (inf)what age is he? — wie alt ist er?
2) (rel) der/die/daswhat little I had — das wenige, das ich hatte
buy what food you like — kauf das Essen, das du willst
3)4) (in interj also iro) was für (ein/eine)what a man! — was für ein or welch ein (geh) Mann!
what luck! — welch(es) Glück, was für ein Glück, so ein Glück
what a fool I've been/I am! — ich Idiot!
3. interjwas; (dated = isn't it/he etc also) wieis he good-looking, or what? — sieht der aber gut aus! (inf)
* * *A int pr1. was, wie:what did he do? was hat er getan?;what’s for lunch? was gibt’s zum Mittagessen?you want a what? was willst du?what an idea! was für eine Idee!;what book? was für ein Buch?;what luck! welch ein Glück!;what men? was für Männer?4. wie viel:what’s two and three?B rel pr1. (das,) was, auch (der,) welcher:this is what we hoped for (gerade) das erhofften wir;he sent us what he had promised us er schickte uns (das), was er uns versprochen hatte oder das Versprochene;it is nothing compared to what happened then es ist nichts im Vergleich zu dem, was dann geschah;he is no longer what he was er ist nicht mehr der, der er war2. was (auch immer):say what you please sag, was du willst!there was no one but what was excited es gab niemanden, der nicht aufgeregt warC adj1. was für ein(e), welch(er, e, es):I don’t know what decision you have taken ich weiß nicht, was für einen Entschluss du gefasst hast;he got what books he wanted er bekam alle Bücher, die er wollte2. alle, die;alles, was:what money I had was ich an Geld hatte, all mein Geld3. so viel oder so viele … wie:take what time and men you need! nimm dir so viel Zeit und so viele Leute, wie du brauchst!D adv1. was:what does it matter was macht das schon2. vor adj was für:what happy boys they are! was sind sie (doch) für glückliche Jungen!3. teils …, teils:what with …, what with … teils durch …, teils durch …not a day but what it rains kein Tag, an dem es nicht regnetE int1. was!, wie!2. (fragend, unhöflich) was?, wie?3. Br umg nicht wahr?:a nice fellow, what?what about Jack? was ist oder passiert mit Jack?, was machen wir mit Jack?;what for? wofür?, wozu?;and what have you umg und was nicht sonst noch alles;what if? und wenn nun?, (u.) was geschieht, wenn?;a) was sonst noch?,what (is the) news? was gibt es Neues?;(well,) what of it?, so what? na, wenn schon?, na und?;what though? was tut’s, wenn?;what with infolge, durch, in Anbetracht (gen);I know what ich weiß was, ich habe eine Idee;and I don’t know what (all) umg und was sonst noch;I’ll tell you whata) ich will dir (mal) was sagen,b) ich weiß was what do you think you are doing? was soll denn das?* * *1. interrogative adjective1) (asking for selection) welch...2) (asking for statement of amount) wieviel; with pl. n. wie vielewhat men/money has he? — wie viele Leute/wieviel Geld hat er?
I know what time it starts — ich weiß, um wieviel Uhr es anfängt
what more can I do/say? — was kann ich sonst noch tun/sagen?
what more do you want? — was willst du [noch] mehr?
3) (asking for statement of kind) was für2. exclamatory adjectivewhat good or use is it? — wozu soll das gut sein?
1) (how great) was fürwhat impudence or cheek/luck! — was für eine Unverschämtheit od. Frechheit/was für ein Glück!
2) before adj. and n. (to what extent) was für3. relative adjectivewe can dispose of what difficulties there are remaining — wir können die verbleibenden Schwierigkeiten ausräumen
lend me what money you can — leih mir soviel Geld, wie du kannst
4. adverbI will give you what help I can — ich werde dir helfen, so gut ich kann
2)what with... — wenn man an... denkt
5. interrogative pronounwhat with changing jobs and moving house I haven't had time to do any studying — da ich eine neue Stellung angetreten habe und umgezogen bin, hatte ich keine Zeit zum Lernen
1) (what thing) waswhat is your name? — wie heißt du/heißen Sie?
what about...? — (is there any news of...?, what will become of...?) was ist mit...?
what-d'you-[ma-] call-him/-her/-it, what's-his/-her/-its-name — wie heißt er/sie/es noch
and/or what have you — und/oder was sonst noch [alles]
what if...? — was ist, wenn...?
what is it etc. like? — wie ist es usw.?
what of it? — was ist dabei?; was soll [schon] dabei sein?
what do you say — or (Amer.)
what say we have a rest? — was hältst du davon, wenn wir mal Pause machen?; wie wär's mit einer Pause?
[I'll] tell you what — weißt du, was; pass mal auf
[and] what then? — [na] und?
what? — wie?; was? (ugs.)
3) in rhet. questions equivalent to neg. statement6. relative pronounwhat is the use in trying/the point of going on? — wozu [groß] versuchen/weitermachen?
(that which) wasdo what I tell you — tu, was ich dir sage
what little I know/remember — das bisschen, das ich weiß/an das ich mich erinnere
this is what I mean:... — ich meine Folgendes:...
tell somebody what to do or what he can do with something — (coll. iron.) jemandem sagen, wo er sich (Dat.) etwas hinstecken kann (salopp)
7. exclamatory pronounthe weather being what it is... — so, wie es mit dem Wetter aussieht,...
* * *pron.das pron.was pron.welch pron. -
10 by
I 1. prepositionby the window/river — am Fenster/Fluss
2) (to position beside) zu3) (about, in the possession of) bei4)5)by herself — etc. see academic.ru/34615/herself">herself 1)
6) (along) entlangby the river — am od. den Fluss entlang
7) (via) über (+ Akk.)leave by the door/window — zur Tür hinausgehen/zum Fenster hinaussteigen
we came by the quickest/shortest route — wir sind die schnellste/kürzeste Strecke gefahren
8) (passing) vorbei an (+ Dat.)run/drive by somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas vorbeilaufen/vorbeifahren
9) (during) beiby day/night — bei Tag/Nacht; tagsüber/nachts
10) (through the agency of) vonwritten by... — geschrieben von...
11) (through the means of) durchhe was killed by lightning/a falling chimney — er ist vom Blitz/von einem umstürzenden Schornstein erschlagen worden
heated by gas/oil — mit Gas/Öl geheizt; gas-/ölbeheizt
by bus/ship — etc. mit dem Bus/Schiff usw.
by air/sea — mit dem Flugzeug/Schiff
12) (not later than) bisby now/this time — inzwischen
by the time this letter reaches you — bis dich dieser Brief erreicht
by the 20th — bis zum 20.
13) (indicating unit of time) pro; (indicating unit of length, weight, etc.) -weiseby the second/minute/hour — pro Sekunde/Minute/Stunde
you can hire a car by the day or by the week — man kann sich (Dat.) ein Auto tageweise oder wochenweise mieten
day by day/month by month, by the day/month — (as each day/month passes) Tag für Tag/Monat für Monat
cloth by the metre — Stoff am Meter
sell something by the packet/ton/dozen — etwas paket-/tonnenweise/im Dutzend verkaufen
10 ft. by 20 ft. — 10 [Fuß] mal 20 Fuß
14) (indicating amount)two by two/three by three/four by four — zu zweit/dritt/viert
15) (indicating factor) durch16) (indicating extent) umwider by a foot — um einen Fuß breiter
17) (according to) nach18) in oaths bei2. adverbby [Almighty] God — bei Gott[, dem Allmächtigen]
1) (past) vorbeidrive/run/flow by — vorbeifahren/-laufen/-fließen
2) (near)close/near by — in der Nähe
3)IIby and large — im großen und ganzen
* * *1. preposition2) (past: going by the house.) vorbei3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) über4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) von7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) um8) (during the time of.) während9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) um10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) mal12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) von2. adverb1) (near: They stood by and watched.) dabei2) (past: A dog ran by.) vorbei3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) beiseite•- bygones: let bygones be bygones- bypass 3. verb- by-product- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way* * *by[baɪ]I. prep1. (beside) bei, ana hotel \by the river ein Hotel am Flussmy desk is \by the window mein Schreibtisch steht am Fenstercome and sit \by me komm und setz dich zu mir [o neben mich]\by the roadside am Straßenrand\by sb's side an jds Seite2. (part of sb/sth) beito grab sb \by the arm jdn am Arm packento seize sb \by their hair jdn am Schopf packento take sb \by the hand jdn bei der Hand nehmen3. (past and beyond) vorbeihe drove \by our house er ist an unserem Haus vorbeigefahrenshe walked \by me without speaking sie ging, ohne etwas zu sagen, an mir vorbei\by the door durch die Tür4. (not later than) bis\by five o'clock/tomorrow [spätestens] bis fünf Uhr/morgen\by 14 February [spätestens] bis zum 14.02.\by now [or this time] inzwischenshe ought to have arrived \by now sie müsste inzwischen angekommen sein\by the time... bis...\by the time [that] this letter reaches you I will have left London wenn dieser Brief dich erreicht, werde ich schon nicht mehr in London sein5. (during) beithey ate \by candlelight sie aßen bei Kerzenlicht\by day/night tagsüber [o bei Tag] /nachts [o bei Nacht6. (happening progressively) fürthe children came in two \by two die Kinder kamen in Zweiergruppen hereinthe situation becomes worse \by the day die Lage verschlechtert sich von Tag zu Tagbit \by bit nach und nachday \by day Tag für Tagminute \by minute Minute um Minute, im Minutenabstand7. (agent) von, durchthe cake is made \by Anne der Kuchen ist von Anne [gebacken], den Kuchen hat Anne gebackenan attack \by the enemy ein Angriff durch den Feind, ein Feindangriffa book/painting \by Irene ein Buch/ein Gemälde von Irenea decision \by his father eine Entscheidung seines Vaters8. (cause) von, durchthe damage was caused \by fire der Schaden wurde durch einen Brand verursacht\by chance durch Zufall, zufällig\by contrast im GegensatzRichard, \by contrast, works very much Richard hingegen arbeitet sehr vieldeath \by misadventure Tod durch Unfall9. (with -ing)you switch it on \by pressing this button man schaltet es ein, indem man auf diesen Knopf drückt10. (method) mitto pay \by cheque mit Scheck bezahlento contact sb \by letter jdn anschreiben11. (means of transport) mitto travel \by air fliegen\by boat/bus/car/train mit dem Schiff/Bus/Auto/Zugto travel \by road über Land fahrento travel \by sea auf dem Seeweg reisen12. (parent) vonshe's his daughter \by his second wife sie ist seine Tochter mit seiner zweiten Frau [o aus zweiter Ehe]a black filly \by Golden Summer ein schwarzes Fohlen von Golden Summer13. (term) mitwhat is meant \by ‘cool’? was bedeutet ‚cool‘?14. (name of a person) beihe mostly calls her \by her last name er redet sie meistens mit ihrem Nachnamen an15. (according to) nach, vonI'm German \by birth von Geburt bin ich Deutsche\by my watch it's six o'clock nach meiner Uhr ist es sechshe could tell \by the look on her face that... er konnte an ihrem Gesichtsausdruck ablesen, dass...\by law, he's still a child dem Gesetz nach [o laut Gesetz] ist er noch ein Kindthat's all right \by me ich bin damit einverstandento live \by the rules sich akk an die Vorschriften halten\by trade [or profession] von Beruf16. (quantity)he rented the car \by the day er hat den Wagen tageweise gemietetit's sold \by the metre es wird am Meter verkauftto sell \by the dozen/hundred/thousand zu Dutzenden/Hunderten/Tausenden verkaufento get paid \by the hour stundenweise bezahlt werden17. (margin) umprices went up \by 20% die Preise sind um 20 % gestiegenthe bullet missed her \by two centimetres die Kugel verfehlte sie um zwei Zentimeter [o ging nur zwei Zentimeter an ihr vorbei]it would be better \by far to... es wäre weitaus besser,...18. (measurements) malthe room measures 5 metres \by 8 metres das Zimmer misst 5 mal 8 Meter19. MATH8 multiplied \by 3 equals 24 8 mal 3 macht 248 divided \by 4 equals 2 8 geteilt durch 4 ist 2he multiplied it \by 20 er hat es mit 20 multipliziert20. (in oaths) beiI swear \by Almighty God that... ich schwöre bei dem allmächtigen Gott, dass...1. (past) vorbeiexcuse me, I can't get \by Entschuldigung, ich komme nicht vorbeitime goes \by so quickly die Zeit vergeht so schnellto come \by vorbeikommenI'll come \by tomorrow ich komme morgen mal vorbeito drive \by vorbeifahrento pass \by vorbeikommento speed \by sb/sth an jdm/etw vorbeisausen2. (near) in der Näheclose \by ganz in der Nähe, in unmittelbarer Nähe3. (in reserve)4.▶ \by and large im Großen und Ganzento live \by oneself allein leben; (unaided) selbsthe can dress \by himself er kann sich selbst [o alleine] anziehen▶ \by the \by nebenbei bemerktwhere's Jane, \by the \by? wo ist denn eigentlich Jane?* * *[baɪ]1. prep1) (= close to) bei, an (+dat); (with movement) an (+acc); (= next to) neben (+dat); (with movement) neben (+acc)by the window/fire/river — am or beim Fenster/Feuer/Fluss
by the sea — Ferien pl an der See
come and sit by me — komm, setz dich neben mich
2) (= via) über (+acc)3)(= past)
to go/rush etc by sb/sth — an jdm/etw vorbeigehen/-eilen etc4)= during) by day/night — bei Tag/Nacht5) (time = not later than) biscan you do it by tomorrow? — kannst du es bis morgen machen?
by the time I got there, he had gone — bis ich dorthin kam, war er gegangen
but by that time or by then I had realized that... — aber bis dahin war mir klar geworden, dass...
but by that time or by then it will be too late —
but by that time or by then he will have forgotten — aber bis dann or dahin hat er es schon vergessen
6)by the inch/kilo/hour/month — zoll-/kilo-/stunden-/monatsweise7) (indicating agent, cause) vonindicated by an asterisk —
8)(indicating method, means, manner: see also nouns)
by bus/car/bicycle — mit dem or per Bus/Auto/Fahrrador check (US) — mit Scheck bezahlen
by daylight/moonlight — bei Tag(eslicht)/im Mondschein
to know sb by name/sight — jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen her kennen
to be known by the name of... — unter dem Namen... bekannt sein
by myself/himself etc — allein
9)by saving hard he managed to... — durch eisernes Sparen or dadurch, dass er eisern sparte, gelang es ihm...
by turning this knob —
by saying that I didn't mean... — ich habe damit nicht gemeint...
animals which move by wriggling — Tiere, die sich schlängelnd fortbewegen
he could walk by supporting himself on... — gestützt auf... könnte er gehen
10) (according to: see also nouns) nachto call sb/sth by his/its proper name — jdn/etw beim richtigen Namen nennen
if it's OK by you/him etc — wenn es Ihnen/ihm etc recht ist
it's all right by me — von mir aus gern or schon
11) (measuring difference) umit missed me by inches — es verfehlte mich um Zentimeter
12) (MATH, MEASURE)to divide/multiply by — dividieren durch/multiplizieren mit
13)(points of compass)
South by South West — Südsüdwest14) (in oaths) beiI swear by Almighty God —
by heaven, I'll get you for this — das sollst or wirst du mir, bei Gott, büßen!
15)by the right! (Mil) — rechts, links...!
16)2. adv1)(= past)
to pass/wander/rush etc by — vorbei- or vorüberkommen/-wandern/-eilen etc2)(= in reserve)
to put or lay by — beiseitelegen3)by and by — irgendwann; (with past tense) nach einiger Zeit* * *by1 [baı]A präpa house by the river ein Haus beim oder am Fluss;side by side Seite an Seite3. über (akk):4. auf (dat), entlang (akk oder dat) (Weg etc):come by another road eine andere Straße entlangkommen6. (zeitlich) bis zu, bis um, bis spätestens:be here by 4.30 sei spätestens um 4 Uhr 30 hier;a) bis dahin, unterdessen,b) um diese Zeit, (ungefähr) zu diesem Zeitpunkt; → now1 Bes Redew8. nach, …weise:9. nach, gemäß:it is ten by my watch nach oder auf meiner Uhr ist es zehn11. von, durch (Urheberschaft):she has a son by him sie hat einen Sohn von ihm;he has a daughter by his first marriage er hat eine Tochter aus erster Ehe;a play by Shaw ein Stück von Shaw;12. mittels, mit Hilfe von, mit, durch:written by pencil mit Bleistift geschrieben;by listening durch Zuhören;13. um (bei Größenverhältnissen):be (too) short by an inch um einen Zoll zu kurz sein14. MATHa) mal:b) durch:B adv1. nahe, da(bei):by and large im Großen und Ganzen;a) bald, demnächst,b) nach und nach,* * *I 1. preposition1) (near, beside) an (+ Dat.); bei; (next to) nebenby the window/river — am Fenster/Fluss
2) (to position beside) zu3) (about, in the possession of) bei4)5)by herself — etc. see herself 1)
6) (along) entlangby the river — am od. den Fluss entlang
7) (via) über (+ Akk.)leave by the door/window — zur Tür hinausgehen/zum Fenster hinaussteigen
we came by the quickest/shortest route — wir sind die schnellste/kürzeste Strecke gefahren
8) (passing) vorbei an (+ Dat.)run/drive by somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas vorbeilaufen/vorbeifahren
9) (during) beiby day/night — bei Tag/Nacht; tagsüber/nachts
10) (through the agency of) vonwritten by... — geschrieben von...
11) (through the means of) durchhe was killed by lightning/a falling chimney — er ist vom Blitz/von einem umstürzenden Schornstein erschlagen worden
heated by gas/oil — mit Gas/Öl geheizt; gas-/ölbeheizt
by bus/ship — etc. mit dem Bus/Schiff usw.
by air/sea — mit dem Flugzeug/Schiff
12) (not later than) bisby now/this time — inzwischen
by the 20th — bis zum 20.
13) (indicating unit of time) pro; (indicating unit of length, weight, etc.) -weiseby the second/minute/hour — pro Sekunde/Minute/Stunde
you can hire a car by the day or by the week — man kann sich (Dat.) ein Auto tageweise oder wochenweise mieten
day by day/month by month, by the day/month — (as each day/month passes) Tag für Tag/Monat für Monat
sell something by the packet/ton/dozen — etwas paket-/tonnenweise/im Dutzend verkaufen
10 ft. by 20 ft. — 10 [Fuß] mal 20 Fuß
two by two/three by three/four by four — zu zweit/dritt/viert
15) (indicating factor) durch16) (indicating extent) um17) (according to) nach18) in oaths bei2. adverbby [Almighty] God — bei Gott[, dem Allmächtigen]
1) (past) vorbeidrive/run/flow by — vorbeifahren/-laufen/-fließen
2) (near)close/near by — in der Nähe
3)II* * *prep.an präp.bei präp.bis präp.durch präp.neben präp.von präp.über präp. -
11 stretch
1. Irubber (this material, silk, this elastic, etc.) stretches резина и т.д. растягивается; my shoes are tight, I hope they'll stretch туфли мне тесны, надеюсь, [что] они разносятся; wood won't stretch дерево не обладает свойством тянуться; the rope has stretched веревка ослабла /растянулась/; stop yawning and stretching перестаньте зевать и потягиваться; I want to get out of the car and stretch я хочу выйти из машины и размяться /размять немного ноги/2. II1) stretch in some manner stretch easily (slightly, moderately, etc.) легко и т.д. растягиваться; iron may stretch slightly железо немного тянется; the elastic won't stretch any more резинка больше не растягивается2) stretch in some direction stretch far (northward, etc.) далеко и т.д. простираться; the valley stretches southward долина тянется к югу; stretch for some time stretch three quarters of a century тянуться три четверти века, происходить на протяжении трех четвертей века3. III1) stretch smth. stretch a rubber band (smb.'s boots, a pair of gloves, the trousers, etc.) растягивать резиновое кольцо и т.д.; stretch one's legs вытянуть ноги; let's take a walk to stretch our legs давайте пройдемся, чтобы размяться; stretch one's neck вытягивать шею; stretch one's arms раскинуть /развести/ руки; stretch the wings расправить крылья; stretch a show (a programme), etc.) затянуть спектакль и т.д.2) stretch smth. stretch a string (a wire, a cord, etc.) натягивать струну и т.д.; stretch one's muscles (one's nerves, etc.) напрягать мускулы и т.д.; you would have to stretch your imagination вам придется напрячь воображение3) stretch smth. stretch the law (the rule, etc.) допускать натяжку в истолковании закона и т.д., вольно трактовать закон и т.д.; stretch a privilege злоупотреблять привилегией; stretch the facts (a story) приукрашивать факты (историю); stretch the meaning of a word приписывать слову несуществующее у него /еще одно/ значение; stretch the truth слегка преувеличивать, прибавлять то, чего не было; stretch a point делать исключение, допускать натяжку; it would be stretching a point to say that... было бы преувеличением сказать, что...; it would be stretching a point to arrest him now арестовать его в данный момент было бы превышением власти4. IV1) stretch smth. in some manner stretch smth. tight (ly) (loosely), thoroughly, etc.) туго и т.д. натягивать что-л.2) stretch smth. for sometime stretch the action (the show, the programme), etc.) two minutes (half an hour, etc.) затянуть действие и т.д. на две минуты и т.д.3) stretch smth. in some manner that's stretching things too fart это уже слишком!;5. VIstretch smb. in some manner a blow behind the ear stretched him unconscious on the floor удар по голове свалил его без сознания на пол6. VIIstretch smth. to do smth. I stretch a pair of shoes to make them fit (food to feed extra guests, etc.) растягивать ботинки, чтобы они налезли /были впору/ и т.д.; stretch money to keep within the budget экономить деньги, чтобы не выйти из бюджета /уложиться в бюджет/; stretch one's neck in order to see over the heads of a crowd вытягивать шею, чтобы видеть поверх толпы2)stretch the rule to help his friend истолковать правило так, чтобы помочь другу; stretch the truth [in order] to prove his point слегка исказить правду /сказать не совсем то, что было/, чтобы доказать свою точку зрения; how can you stretch your principles to cover this situation? ну как вы приспособите свои принципы к данной ситуации?; he stretched the law to suit his own purpose он злоупотребил законом в угоду своим целям7. XI1) be stretched in (at) smth. the jacket is stretched in the waist (at the elbow, in the shoulders, etc.) жакет вытянулся /растянулся/ в талии и т.д.2) be stretched in some manner the rope is tightly stretched веревка туго натянута; the engine is fully stretched мотор работает на полную мощность3) be stretched somewhere the bridge is stretched across the river через реку перекинут мост8. XVI1)stretch across (along, to, from, etc.) smth. stretch across the frontier (across the fields, across the river, etc.) пересекать /идти через/ границу и т.д.; а yellow cloud stretched across the sky above the horizon желтое облако закрыло небо /протянулось по небу/ над горизонтом; the town stretched along the bay (along the river, along the shore, etc.) город вытянулся вдоль залива и т.д.; stretch to the furthest point on the map (to the river, to the foot of the mountain, etc.) тянуться /простираться, доходить/ до самой крайней точки на карте и т.д.; the queue stretched to the corner очередь растянулась до угла; the road (the forest, the shore, etc.) stretches for miles and miles (for hundreds of miles, etc.) дорога и т.д. тянется /идет, простирается/ на много миль и т.д.; the country stretches from east to west (from Chile to Canada, etc.) страна простирается с востока на запад и т.д.; his mouth stretches from ear to ear у него рот до ушей; stretch to (into, over, etc.) some time it stretched to the early years of the9. XV llth century (from 1868 to 1912, into the dim past, to infinity, etc.) это тянулось до начала шестнадцатого века и т.д.; the experiment stretched over a period of two years эксперимент длился два года; my means will not stretch to that (to a new TV, to a house in the country, etc.) моих средств на это и т.д. не хватит, мне этого и т.д. не позволят средства2)stretch for smth. he stretched for his gloves он потянулся за сваями перчатками10. XVIIIstretch oneself he got out of bed and stretched himself он встал с постели и потянулся; the cat stretched itself кошка потянулась; stretch oneself on smth. stretch oneself on the bed (on the floor, on the grass, etc.) растянуться /вытянуться/ на кровати и т.д.11. XIX1stretch like smth. stretch like elastic (like hose, etc.) тянуться /растягиваться/ как резинка и т.д.12. XXI11) stretch smth. by smth. stretch one's shoes (one's gloves, one's hat, etc.) by use разносить /растянуть/ ботинки и т.д. в носке; stretch with. to smth. stretch the elastic to its fullest extent растянуть резинку до отказа2) stretch smth., smb. across (between, over, upon, etc.) smth. stretch a wire across a river (a string across the room, a rope between these two trees, a cord across the path, the clothes-line between the trees, etc.) протягивать /натягивать/ провод через реку и т.д.; stretch a carpet upon the floor растянуть /расстелить/ ковер по полу; stretch a curtain over an opening завесить проем портьерой3) stretch smth. to smth. stretch one's powers to the utmost (one's credit to its limit, etc.) максимально использовать свою власть и т.д.; stretch smth. in smb.'s favour stretch the law in smb.'s favour толковать закон в чью-л. пользу; stretch a point in smb.'s favour сделать исключение в чью-л. пользу; stretch one's principles in smb.'s favour поступиться своими принципами ради кого-л.13. XXV1) stretch when... (if...) the rope (this fabric, ale.) will stretch if you wet it (when you wash it, etc.) веревка и т.д. растянется, если ее намочить и т.д.2) stretch smth. until... he stretched the violin string until it broke он натянул струну на скрипке так туго, что она лопнула -
12 how
adverbthis is how to do it — so macht man das
how do you know that? — woher weißt du das?
how's that? — (how did that happen?) wie kommt das [denn]?; (is that as it should be?) ist es so gut?; (will you agree to that?) was hältst du davon?
how so? — wieso [das]?
how would it be if...? — wie wäre es, wenn...?
how is she/the car? — (after accident) wie geht es ihr?/was ist mit dem Auto?
how are you? — wie geht es dir?; (greeting) guten Morgen/Tag/Abend!
how do you do? — (formal) guten Morgen/Tag/Abend!
how many? — wieviel?; wie viele?
how right/wrong you are! — da hast du völlig recht/da irrst du dich gewaltig!
how naughty of him! — das war aber frech von ihm
and how! — (coll.) und wie! (ugs.)
how about...? — wie ist es mit...?; (in invitation, proposal, suggestion) wie wäre es mit...?
how about it? — na, wie ist das?; (is that acceptable?) was hältst du davon?
* * *1. adverb, conjunction1) (in what way: How do you make bread?) wie3) (by what means: I've no idea how he came here.) wie4) (in what condition: How are you today?; How do I look?) wie5) (for what reason: How is it that I am the last to know about this?) wie•- academic.ru/35907/however">however2. conjunction(in no matter what way: This painting still looks wrong however you look at it.) wie auch immer- how about- how come
- how do you do?* * *[haʊ]I. adv\how is it that you're here? wieso [o warum] bist du da?\how do you mean? that I should go now? wie meinen Sie das, ich sollte jetzt gehen?just do it any old \how mach's wie du willst fam\how come? wie das?to know \how to cook/fix cars/swim kochen/Autos reparieren/schwimmen können\how far/long/many wie weit/lange/viele\how much wie viel\how much do you miss your family? wie sehr vermisst du deine Familie?\how much [or often] do you visit Mary? wie oft besuchst du Mary?\how much is it? wie viel [o was] kostet es?3. (for emphasis)\how I wish you wouldn't say things like that! ich wünschte wirklich, du würdest nicht solche Dinge sagen!and \how! und ob [o wie]!\how about that! was sagt man dazu!\how's that for a classy car wenn das kein nobles Auto ist!\how pretty/strange/terrible! wie schön/seltsam/schrecklich!\how nice of you to stop by! wie nett von Ihnen vorbeizuschauen!\how are you? wie geht es Ihnen?\how are things? wie geht's [denn so]? fam\how's life been treating you? und wie ist es dir so ergangen?\how is your mother doing after her surgery? wie geht's deiner Mutter nach ihrer Operation?\how was your flight? wie war Ihr Flug?\how's work? was macht die Arbeit?\how do you do? (meeting sb) Guten Tag [o Abend]!\how about a movie? wie wäre es mit Kino?\how would you like to go have a drink? möchtest du vielleicht etwas trinken gehen?\how [or ( fam) \how's] about coming over tonight? wie wär's, willst du heute Abend zu mir kommen?; (suggesting)\how about trying to expand our European market? sollten wir nicht versuchen, unseren europäischen Markt zu erweitern?if your car's broken, \how about taking the tram wenn dein Auto kaputt ist, könntest du doch die Straßenbahn nehmenJohn suggested breaking for lunch — \how about it? John hat vorgeschlagen, eine Mittagspause zu machen — was meinst du?she explained \how they had got stuck in traffic sie erklärte, dass sie im Verkehr stecken geblieben warenthe \hows and whys das Wie und Warumthe child's \hows and whys seemed endless die Fragen des Kindes schienen kein Ende nehmen zu wollenthe \hows and whys of business/cooking/yoga alles über das Geschäft/das Kochen/Yoga* * *I [haʊ]adv1) (= in what way) wiehow will we ever survive? — wie sollen wir nur or bloß überleben?
how so?, how's that?, how come? (all inf) — wieso (denn das)?, wie kommt (denn) das?
we earn less? — wieso or warum verdienen wir denn weniger?
how is it that...? — wie kommt es, dass...?
how do you know that? —
to learn/know how to do sth — lernen/wissen, wie man etw macht
I'd like to learn how to swim/drive etc — ich würde gerne schwimmen/Auto fahren etc lernen
2) (in degree, quantity etc) wiehow often do you visit them/go out? — wie oft besuchen Sie sie/gehen Sie aus?
how many —
I can't tell you how glad I was to leave — ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, wie froh ich war, dort wegzukommen
how would you like to...? — hätten Sie Lust,... zu...?
3)(regarding health, general situation etc)
how do you do? (on introduction) — Guten Tag/Abend!, angenehm! (form)how's you? ( Brit sl ) — wie gehts? (inf)
how's work/the new job? etc — was macht die Arbeit/die neue Stelle? etc (inf)
how are things at school/in the office? etc — wie gehts in der Schule/im Büro? etc
4)how about...? — wie wäre es mit...?
how about going for a walk? —
how about we meet for lunch tomorrow? — wie wäre es, wenn wir uns morgen zum Mittagessen treffen?
I've had enough, how about you? — mir reichts, wie siehts bei dir aus?
5)6) (= that) dassIIshe told me how she had seen him there — sie sagte mir, dass sie ihn dort gesehen hat
interj(American Indian greeting) hugh* * *how [haʊ]A adv1. (fragend) wie:how are you? wie geht es Ihnen?;how is your toothache? was machen deine Zahnschmerzen?;how about …? wie stehts mit …?;how about a cup of tea? wie wäre es mit einer Tasse Tee?;how about Jack? was ist oder passiert mit Jack?, was machen wir mit Jack?;how do you know? woher wissen Sie das?;how do you know my name? woher kennen Sie meinen Namen?;how much? wie viel?;how many? wie viel?, wie viele?;how ever do you do it? wie machen Sie das nur?;how ever was I to know that? wie konnte ich das denn ahnen?; → be B 1, B 9 a, come Bes Redew, do1 B 5, now1 Bes Redew, so1 A 42. (ausrufend und relativ) wie:how large it is! wie groß es ist!;how absurd! wie absurd!;he knows how to ride er kann reiten;I know how to do it ich weiß, wie man es macht;how they will stare! die werden vielleicht Augen machen!;and how! umg und ob!;here’s how! umg auf Ihr Wohl!, prost!3. wie teuer, zu welchem Preis:how do you sell your potatoes?B s Wie n, Art f und Weise f:the how and the why das Wie und Warum* * *adverblearn how to ride a bike/swim — etc. Rad fahren/schwimmen usw. lernen
how's that? — (how did that happen?) wie kommt das [denn]?; (is that as it should be?) ist es so gut?; (will you agree to that?) was hältst du davon?
how so? — wieso [das]?
how would it be if...? — wie wäre es, wenn...?
how is she/the car? — (after accident) wie geht es ihr?/was ist mit dem Auto?
how are you? — wie geht es dir?; (greeting) guten Morgen/Tag/Abend!
how do you do? — (formal) guten Morgen/Tag/Abend!
how many? — wieviel?; wie viele?
how far — (to what extent) inwieweit
how right/wrong you are! — da hast du völlig recht/da irrst du dich gewaltig!
and how! — (coll.) und wie! (ugs.)
how about...? — wie ist es mit...?; (in invitation, proposal, suggestion) wie wäre es mit...?
how about it? — na, wie ist das?; (is that acceptable?) was hältst du davon?
* * *adv.inwiefern adv.wie adv. -
13 as
as [æz, əz]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. conjunction2. preposition3. adverb━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► For set combinations in which as is not the first word, eg such... as, the same... as, disguised as, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. conjunctiona. ( = while) alors que• as she was falling asleep she heard a noise elle entendit un bruit alors qu'elle commençait à s'endormirb. (with comparative) things will get more difficult as the year goes on ça va devenir de plus en plus difficile au fil de l'annéec. ( = just when) (juste) au moment oùd. ( = because) comme━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• as he hasn't phoned, we don't know where he is comme il n'a pas téléphoné, nous ne savons pas où il est• this is important as it reduces the effectiveness of the drug c'est important parce que cela diminue l'efficacité du médicamente. ( = though) long as it was, I didn't find the journey boring bien que le trajet ait été long, je ne me suis pas ennuyé• France, as you know, is... la France, comme vous le savez, est...• she is very gifted, as is her brother elle est très douée, comme son frère• don't tidy up, leave it as it is ne range rien, laisse ça comme ça• the village, situated as it is near a motorway,... le village étant situé non loin d'une autoroute,...2. prepositiona. ( = in the capacity of) commeb. ( = being) en tant que• as a mother of five children, she is well aware... en tant que mère de cinq enfants, elle sait très bien...c. ( = when) as a child, she was rather shy quand elle était enfant, elle était plutôt timide• as a young woman, she was interested in politics quand elle était jeune, elle s'intéressait à la politique3. adverba. ( = in the way) comme► as + as (in comparisons of equality) aussi... que• is it as far as that? c'est vraiment aussi loin que ça ?• you ate as much as me tu as mangé autant que moi► twice/half as...• as for that quant à cela► as from (referring to past) depuis ; (referring to present, future) à partir de• he was staggering as if or as though he'd been drinking il titubait comme s'il avait bu• it's not as if or as though he was nice-looking ce n'est pas comme s'il était beau garçon• as if to confirm his prediction there was a loud explosion comme pour confirmer ses prédictions on entendit une forte explosion• don't tell her, will you? -- as if! (inf) ne lui dis rien ! -- pour qui tu me prends !• did he finally own up? -- as if! (inf) est-ce qu'il a fini par avouer ? -- tu parles ! (inf)► as it is ( = in fact) dans l'état actuel des choses ; ( = already) comme ça• as it is, it doesn't make much difference dans l'état actuel des choses, ça ne fait pas grande différence• the balance of your account as of 16 June ( = on 16 June) le solde de votre compte au 16 juin• the work as such is boring but... le travail en soi est ennuyeux mais...• they are the best players in the world and, as such, are highly paid ce sont les meilleurs joueurs du monde et, à ce titre, ils sont très bien payés• he was still a novice and they treated him as such ce n'était qu'un débutant et ils le traitaient comme tel• he had no qualifications as such il n'avait pas de qualification à proprement parler► as to quant à* * *[æz, əz] 1.1) ( in the manner that) commeknowing you as I do, it didn't surprise me — je te connais tellement bien que ça ne m'a pas étonné
he lives abroad, as does his sister — il vit à l'étranger, tout comme sa sœur
as with so many people in the 1960s, she... — comme beaucoup de personnes dans les années 60, elle...
2) (while, when) comme, alors que; ( over more gradual period of time) au fur et à mesure queas a child, he... — (quand il était) enfant, il...
3) (because, since) comme, puisque4) ( although)comfortable as the house is, it's still very expensive — aussi confortable que soit la maison, elle reste quand même très chère
try as he might, he could not forget it — il avait beau essayer, il ne pouvait pas oublier
5)the same... as — le/la même... que
6) ( expressing purpose)2.so as to do — pour faire, afin de faire
1) ( in order to appear to be)2) (showing function, status) commespeaking as his closest friend, I... — en tant que son meilleur ami, je voudrais dire que je...
with Lauren Bacall as Vivien — Cinema, Theatre avec Lauren Bacall dans le rôle de Vivien
3)3.he was quoted as saying that... — il aurait dit que...
1) (expressing degree, extent)the population may increase by as much as 20% — l'augmentation de la population risque d'atteindre 20%
as many as 10,000 people attended the demonstration — il n'y avait pas moins de 10000 personnes à la manifestation
he has a house in Nice as well as an apartment in Paris — il a une maison à Nice ainsi qu'un appartement à Paris
2) ( expressing similarity) comme4.as against prepositional phrase contre, comparé à5.as and when conjunctional phrase6.as and when the need arises — quand il le faudra, quand le besoin s'en fera sentir
as for prepositional phrase quant à, pour ce qui est de7. 8.as if conjunctional phrase comme (si)he looked at me as if to say ‘I told you so’ — il m'a regardé avec l'air de dire ‘je te l'avais bien dit’
9.as if by accident/magic — comme par hasard/magie
as such prepositional phrase en tant que tel10.as to prepositional phrase sur, quant à -
14 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
-
15 Warping
General term for processes after winding concerned in preparing weaver's and knitter's warps. Methods of warping vary according to (1) the yarns employed (2) whether they are sized or not, and (3) at what state sizing takes place. There are at least seven methods of warp preparation, e.g., beam warping, direct warping, mill warping on vertical mills, section warping on horizontal mills and in cheeses on section blocks, Scotch dresser sizing, Scotch warp dressing, and Yorkshire warp dressing. Beam Warping is the system in general use for making grey cotton goods. The beam warper comprises a creel for the supply ends, which may be on double-flanged bobbins, cones or cheeses, and a beaming head which comprises mechanism for mounting and rotating a warper's beam and means for winding the yarn from the creel supply on to the beam under suitable tension. The number of ends and length of warp on a back or warper's beam is related to what is required in the weaver's beam. Assuming the weaver's beams were required to have 2928 ends, 24's warp, and 8 cuts of 96 yards each, the back beams for a set might have 2928: 6 = 488 ends, and 2 X 6 X 8 X 96 = 9216 yards. On the slasher sizing machine six back beams would be run together, thereby producing 12 weaver's beams each containing 2928 ends 768 yards long. Warp Beaming Speeds - With the old type of warp beaming machine taking supply from unrolling double-flanged bobbins, the warping speed would be about 70 yards per minute. In modern beam warpers taking supply overend from cones, the warping speed is up to 250 yards per minute. With beam barrels of 41/2-in. dia., and up to 500 yards per minute with barrels of 10-in. dia. Warp and Weft Knitted Fabrics - Warp knitted fabrics in which extra yarn is introduced in the form of weft threads which are laid in between the warp threads and their needles for the purpose of adding extra weight and for patterning purposes. Warp Loom Tapes - Narrow knitted fabrics usually less than one inch wide used for trimming garments. They are knitted on circular latch needle machines, but the tapes are flat. Direct Warping - A method used in making warps for towels, fustians, and other fabrics in which the total number of ends can be accommodated in one creel, say not more than 1,000 ends. The threads are run from the creel direct to the weaver's beam on a machine similar to that used in section beam warping. Mill Warping - There are two distinctly different methods of mill warping. On the vertical mill, which may be anything up to 20 yards in circumference, the number of ends in the complete warp is obtained by repeating the runs the required number of times, e.g., with 200 bobbins in the creel, 4 runs would give a warp of 800 ends. The length of the warp is determined by the number of revolutions made by the mill for each run. The horizontal mill is much used in Yorkshire for making woollen and worsted warps It is used to a small extent for cotton warps and is largely used for making silk and rayon warps. The mill or swift is usually about 5 yards in circumference. Its distinctive feature is the making of warps in sections which are wound on the mill in overlapping manner. The creel capacity varies from 250 to 600 ends, and with 500 ends in the creel a warp of 5,000 ends would require ten sections. Section Warping for Coloured Goods - This is a system of making coloured striped warps from hank-dyed and bleached yarns. The bobbins are creeled to pattern, one or more complete patterns to each section. Each section is the full length of the warp and is run on a small section block keywayed to fit a key on the shaft of the subsequent beaming machine where the sections are placed side by side and run on the weaver's beam. Scotch Dresser Sizing - There are two systems of warp preparation known as Scotch dressing. 1. Dresser sizing used for sizing warps for linen damasks, etc. Back beams are first made and placed in two beam creels, one on each side of the headstock. The threads from several back beams are collected in one sheet of yarn, sized by passage through a size-box, brushed by a revolving brush, dried by hot air, and passed vertically upwards where both sheets of warp threads are united and pass on to the weaver's beam in a single sheet. Scotch Warp Dressing - The other method of Scotch dressing is used in the preparation of coloured striped warps, usually from warp-dyed and bleached yarn. It consists in splitting off from ball warps previously dyed or bleached and sized, the number of ends of each colour required in the finished warp. Each group is then wound on separate flanged warpers' beams. These beams are placed in a creel and the ends drawn through a reed according to pattern, and wound finally on to the weavers' beams. Yorkshire Warp Dressing - This is a system used mostly in the preparation of coloured striped warps. It is also invaluable in preparing warps dyed and sized in warp form to prevent shadiness in the cloth. Four warps with the same number of ends in each are dyed the same colour, and in sleying, one end from each warp is put in each dent of the reed. Any tendency to shadiness arising from irregularity in dyeing is thereby effectively eliminated. In striped work the required ends are split off if necessary from a larger ball warp, sleyed to pattern in the reed, and then run under controlled tension on to the weaver's beam. The dresser uses a brush as long as the width of the warp to brush out entangled places where the threads have adhered together with size. Yorkshire dressing provides perfect warps with every thread in its proper place on the weaver's beam, no crossed or missing threads, and a minimum of knots. -
16 by
by [baɪ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. adverb3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When by is an element in a phrasal verb, eg go by, stand by, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg by degrees, surrounded by, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. prepositiona. ( = close to) à côté de, près de• her cousins are over there, and she's sitting by them ses cousins sont là-bas et elle est assise à côté (d'eux)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• her bag was on the table and her keys right by it son sac était sur la table et ses clés juste à côtéb. ( = past) à côté dec. ( = via) par• which route did you come by? par où êtes-vous passés ?d. ( = not later than) pour• applications must be submitted by 21 April les candidatures doivent nous parvenir au plus tard le 21 avrile. ( = in) en• by 1990 the figure had reached... en 1990, ce chiffre avait atteint...• by 2010 the figure will have reached... en 2010, cette somme aura atteint...f. ( = on) by 30 September we had paid out £500 au 30 septembre nous avions payé 500 livres• by yesterday it was clear that... dès hier on savait que...g. ( = according to) by my calculations d'après mes calculsk. ( = created, written by) de• who's it by? c'est de qui ?l. (method, means, manner) à► by + -ing en• by leaving early he missed the rush en partant de bonne heure il a évité la cohue► by + means of transport en• by bus/car/taxi en bus/voiture/taxi• by rail or train en train━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When there is no clear agent, the active is more natural in French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• by and large, I still think this is true globalement, je crois toujours que c'est vrai► by the way au fait• by the way, did you know it was Ann's birthday? au fait, tu savais que c'était l'anniversaire d'Ann ?2. adverb( = along, past) he'll be by any minute il sera là dans un instant3. compounds* * *[baɪ] 1.1) (showing agent, result) par2) ( through the means of)to travel by bus/train — voyager en bus/train
by bicycle — à bicyclette, en vélo
by candlelight — [dine] aux chandelles; [read] à la bougie
3) (according to, from evidence of) àby my watch it is three o'clock — à ma montre, il est trois heures
I could tell by the look on her face that she was angry — rien qu'à la regarder je savais qu'elle était fâchée
4) (via, passing through) par5) (near, beside) à côté de, près deby the bed/the window — à côté du lit/de la fenêtre
6) ( past)to go ou pass by somebody — passer devant quelqu'un
7) ( showing authorship) de8) (before, not later than) avantby four o'clock/next Thursday — avant quatre heures/jeudi prochain
by the time she had got downstairs he was gone — le temps qu'elle descende, il était parti
by now it was clear that they were going to win — à ce moment-là il était clair qu'ils allaient gagner
9) ( during)10) ( according to)it seems primitive by western standards — cela a l'air primitif selon or d'après les critères occidentaux
11) ( to the extent or degree of) deprices have risen by 20% — les prix ont augmenté de 20%
he's taller than me by two centimetres — il fait deux centimètres de plus que moi, il est plus grand que moi de deux centimètres
12) ( in measurements) sur13) (in multiplication, division) par14) (showing rate, quantity) à15) (in successive degrees, units)one by one — un par un, un à un
16) ( with regard to) dehe is an architect by profession ou trade — il est architecte de son métier
17) ( as a result of) parby accident/mistake — par accident/erreur
18) ( used with reflexive pronouns)19) Nautical ( in compass directions) quart2.1) ( past)the people walking by — les gens mpl qui passent/passaient, les passants mpl
2) ( near) près3) (aside, in reserve)4) ( to one's house)••by and by — bientôt, en peu de temps
by the by —
but that's by the by — mais ça c'est un détail, mais ça c'est autre chose
-
17 Skin Wools
These are the product of the fellmongering industry as carried on in the Colonies, on the Continent, and in this country to a smaller extent. They consist of the wool removed from the skins of sheep slaughtered for mutton purposes. Many of these " skin " wools are of excellent quality; but large quantities, through unsatisfactory treatment during separation, and because of the absence of sorting, and neglect in skirting, picking, etc., are only useful for medium and low-class goods. Such wools lack spinning property, have a harsh handle, and do not mill and dye in the manner of the " fleece " wools. " Skin " wools are of the following types: - (1) Sun-dried and removed from the skin by a process of sweating; (2) separated by chemical agency, chiefly by sodium sulphide; (3) sliped from the skin after fibre separation through the application of lime (see slipe). Mazamet, France, is a great centre of the fellmongering industry, and a big business is done. Wools that are often of excellent quality and colour are taken from skins collected from all the principal wool-growing parts, and forwarded to all the important manufacturing centres through agents. Wools of Class 2 are largely the product of Colonial fellmongering stations in which the industry is of more recent growth. The system employed is the sodium sulphide process. Sodium suphide has the property of destroying the epidermis of the skin while improving the quality of the pelt. A 10 per cent solution of sodium sulphide will dissolve wool completely in 15 minutes. After washing, the skins are painted on the flesh side with thick paint of sodium sulphide. The skins are allowed to lie overnight, and the roots of the wool become loosened, the hair bulbs being destroyed, after which the wool is readily pulled by hand. -
18 by
[baɪ] 1. prep1) (referring to cause, agent) przez +acc2) (referring to method, manner, means)to pay by cheque — płacić (zapłacić perf) czekiem
3) (via, through) przez +acc4) ( close to)5) ( past) obok +gen, koło +gen6) ( not later than) do +genby the time I got here it was too late — zanim tu dotarłem, było już za późno
7) ( amount)by the kilo/metre — na kilogramy/metry
8) ( MATH) przez +accto divide by 3 — dzielić (podzielić perf) przez 3
9) ( measure)10) ( according to) według +gen11)12)by the way — nawiasem mówiąc, à propos
this wasn't my idea by the way — nawiasem mówiąc, to nie był mój pomysł
2. advby the way, did you know Claire was back? — à propos, czy wiesz, że Claire wróciła?
2)by and by — wkrótce, niebawem
3)by and large I would agree with you — ogólnie (rzecz) biorąc, zgodziłbym się z tobą
* * *1. preposition1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) obok, przy2) (past: going by the house.) obok3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) przez4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) przez5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) przy pomocy, przez6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) przez7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) do, przed (jakimś momentem)8) (during the time of.) za9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) o10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) na11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) na12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) przez, z2. adverb1) (near: They stood by and watched.) blisko2) (past: A dog ran by.) obok, niedaleko3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) na bok•- bypass 3. verb(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) objeżdżać- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way -
19 degree
dɪˈɡri:
1. сущ.
1) уст. ступенька лестницы;
шаг вверх, шаг вниз Raised upon half a dozen degrees. ≈ Поднятый на полдюжины ступеней вверх.
2) а) положение, ранг б) звание, ученая степень to take a degree in history ≈ получить степень по историческим наукам award a degree to confer a degree on do a degree earn a degree receive a degree take one's degree academic degree advanced degree bachelor's degree college degree doctoral degree doctor's degree graduate degree honorary degree master's degree postgraduate degree в) степень родства, колено;
расш. соотношения видов и рас на пути эволюции prohibited degrees forbidden degree г) социальное положение, достоинство, сословие Regulations for settling questions between persons of unequal degrees. ≈ Правила разрешения конфликтов между людьми разных сословий. д) ступень в масонской ложе
3) род, манера, особенность A simple evening party in the smallest village is just as admirable in its degree. ≈ Простой деревенский ужин столь же мил в своем своеобразии. Syn: manner, way, wise, relation, respect
4) а) степень, уровень to achieve a high degree of proficiency ≈ достичь высокого уровня профессионализма I have the faculty of abstraction to a wonderful degree. ≈ Я обладаю потрясающими способностями к абстракции. by degrees a degree better in some degree in a varying degree to a degree to a certain degree to the last degree to a lesser degree Syn: extent, level, measure б) достоинство, качество, сорт в) юр. единица в классификации подвидов того или иного преступления по тяжести They introduced in 1796 the new terms of murder in the 1st and 2d degree. ≈ В 1796 году ввели новые типы убийства - убийство первой и второй степени. third degree
5) специальные термины а) грам. прям. перен. степень сравнения (сокращение от degree of comparison) He was the superlative degree of avarice. ≈ Он был сама жадность в превосходной степени. comparative degree positive degree superlative degree б) мат. степень Syn: power в) градус (мера угла, температуры и т.п.) ∙ degree of freedom
2. гл. присваивать ученую либо подобную степень ступень, степень - * of skill уровень /степень/ мастерства - the highest * of goodness сама доброта - * of safety( техническое) запас прочности - * of accuracy степень точности - * of confidence степень доверия - * of freedom (математика) степень свободы - by *s постепенно, понемногу;
мало-помалу;
ступенчато - to a certain *, in some * до известной степени;
отчасти;
в некотором отношении - in a greater or lesser * в большей или меньшей степени - to a * (разговорное) значительно, в большой мере;
очень - to a considerable * в значительной степени - to /in/ the last * до последней степени, до крайности - to what *? до какой степени?, до каких пределов? - not in the least /slightest/ * ни в какой /ни в малейшей/ степени;
ничуть, нисколько - to differ in * различаться в степени (но не по существу) - it's a question of * это зависит от точки зрения степень родства, колено (тж. * of relationship) - * of consanguinity степень кровного родства - prohibited /forbidden/ *s (юридическое) степени родства, при которых запрещается брак - in the fourth * в четвертом колене положение, ранг;
звание - of low * низкого звания - a lady of high * знатная дама - people of every * очень разные по (своему) положению люди - people of unequal *s люди разного круга - each good in its * каждый хорош на своем месте звание, ученая степень - honorary * почетная степень - academic * научная степень - the * of bachelor( ученая) степень бакалавра - to study /to sit/ for a * готовиться к сдаче экзаменов на степень бакалавра - to take one's * получить степень - to take a poll * (университетское) (разговорное) окончить без отличия (Кембриджский университет) - to have a London * получить степень в Лондонском университете - to get one's * of a teacher получить диплом учителя - he has his * он дипломированный специалист - his academic *s were stripped from him он был лишен научных степеней (спортивный) разряд - advanced * (спортивное) второй разряд градус (температурный) - ten *s of heat десять градусов тепла - at 30 *s below zero при 30 градусах ниже нуля - the thermometer registers 15 *s centigrade термометр показывает 15 градусов (тепла) по Цельсию градус (географический и т. п.) - *s of latitude градусы широты - the angle of 30 *s угол в тридцать градусов - we were 30 *s North of Greenwich мы были на тридцатом градусе северной широты (юридическое) тяжесть( преступления) ;
(американизм) степень (преступности) - principal in the first * главный виновник /преступник/ - principal in the second * соучастник преступления;
пособник, подстрекатель - murder in the first * предумышленное убийство (грамматика) степень - positive * положительная степень - *s of comparison степени сравнения - adverb of * наречие степени( математика) степень - the second * вторая степень, квадрат - the third * третья степень, куб - of * three в третьей степени - equation of the second * уравнение второй степени( музыкальное) ступень > the third * допрос с применением пыток, допрос с пристрастием;
допрос третьей степени > to get the third * подвергнуться пыткам /истязаниям/ degree градус;
we had ten degrees of frost last night вчера вечером было десять градусов мороза;
an angle of ninety degrees угол в 90 град. bachelor's ~ степень бакалавра ~ степень;
ступень;
by degrees постепенно;
not in the least( или slightest) degree ничуть, нисколько;
ни в какой степени commercial ~ ученая степень в области коммерции degree градус;
we had ten degrees of frost last night вчера вечером было десять градусов мороза;
an angle of ninety degrees угол в 90 град. ~ звание, ученая степень;
to take one's degree получить степень;
honorary degree почетное звание ~ звание ~ категория ~ качество, достоинство, сорт ~ положение, ранг ~ положение ~ порядок ~ разряд ~ ранг ~ мат. степень;
third degree допрос с применением пыток ~ грам. степень;
degrees of comparison степени сравнения ~ степень;
ступень;
by degrees постепенно;
not in the least( или slightest) degree ничуть, нисколько;
ни в какой степени ~ степень ~ степень преступности ~ степень родства, колено;
prohibited degrees юр. степени родства, при которых запрещается брак ~ степень родства ~ ступень ~ тяжесть (преступления) ~ тяжесть преступления ~ уровень ~ ученая степень a ~ better (warmer, etc.) чуть лучше( теплее и т. п.) ~ in commerce ученое звание в области коммерции ~ in economics ученое звание в области экономики ~ of accuracy вчт. степень точности ~ of belief вчт. степень доверия ~ of curvature порядок кривой ~ of damage процент убыточности ~ of disablement группа инвалидности disablement: degree of ~ степень неподвижности, степень нетрудоспособности ~ of precision вчт. степень точности ~ of priority вчт. порядок приоритета ~ of probability вероятность ~ of probability степень вероятности ~ of randomness вчт. степень случайности ~ of security степень безопасности ~ of self-financing возможность самофинансирования ~ of self-sufficiency степень самообеспеченности ~ of self-sufficiency степень самоокупаемости ~ of self-sufficiency степень самостоятельности ~ of solvency степень кредитоспособности ~ of solvency степень платежеспособности ~ of uncertainty вчт. степень неопределенности ~ of variation степень изменчивости high school ~ сист.обр. диплом об окончании средней школы ~ звание, ученая степень;
to take one's degree получить степень;
honorary degree почетное звание in some ~ в некоторой степени;
in a varying degree в той или иной степени in some ~ в некоторой степени;
in a varying degree в той или иной степени law ~ юридическая степень Master's ~ степень магистра ~ степень;
ступень;
by degrees постепенно;
not in the least (или slightest) degree ничуть, нисколько;
ни в какой степени ~ степень родства, колено;
prohibited degrees юр. степени родства, при которых запрещается брак ~ звание, ученая степень;
to take one's degree получить степень;
honorary degree почетное звание ~ мат. степень;
third degree допрос с применением пыток to a certain ~ до известной степени;
to the last degree до последней степени to a ~ разг. очень, значительно to a lesser ~ в меньшей степени;
to what degree? в какой степени?, до какой степени? to a certain ~ до известной степени;
to the last degree до последней степени degree градус;
we had ten degrees of frost last night вчера вечером было десять градусов мороза;
an angle of ninety degrees угол в 90 град. to a lesser ~ в меньшей степени;
to what degree? в какой степени?, до какой степени? -
20 so
[səu] 1. adverb1) ((used in several types of sentence to express degree) to this extent, or to such an extent: `The snake was about so long,' he said, holding his hands about a metre apart; Don't get so worried!; She was so pleased with his progress in school that she bought him a new bicycle; They couldn't all get into the room, there were so many of them; He departed without so much as (= without even) a goodbye; You've been so (= very) kind to me!; Thank you so much!) så2) ((used to express manner) in this/that way: As you hope to be treated by others, so you must treat them; He likes everything to be (arranged) just so (= in one particular and precise way); It so happens that I have to go to an important meeting tonight.) sådan; således3) ((used in place of a word, phrase etc previously used, or something previously stated) as already indicated: `Are you really leaving your job?' `Yes, I've already told you / said so'; `Is she arriving tomorrow?' `Yes, I hope so'; If you haven't read the notice, please do so now; `Is that so (= true)?' `Yes, it's really so'; `Was your father angry?' `Yes, even more so than I was expecting - in fact, so much so that he refused to speak to me all day!) det; sådan; så at4) (in the same way; also: `I hope we'll meet again.' `So do I.'; She has a lot of money and so has her husband.) det samme; også5) ((used to express agreement or confirmation) indeed: `You said you were going shopping today.' `So I did, but I've changed my mind.'; `You'll need this book tomorrow, won't you?' `So I will.') det2. conjunction((and) therefore: John had a bad cold, so I took him to the doctor; `So you think you'd like this job, then?' `Yes.'; And so they got married and lived happily ever after.) derfor; så- so-so
- and so on/forth
- or so
- so as to
- so far
- so good
- so that
- so to say/speak* * *[səu] 1. adverb1) ((used in several types of sentence to express degree) to this extent, or to such an extent: `The snake was about so long,' he said, holding his hands about a metre apart; Don't get so worried!; She was so pleased with his progress in school that she bought him a new bicycle; They couldn't all get into the room, there were so many of them; He departed without so much as (= without even) a goodbye; You've been so (= very) kind to me!; Thank you so much!) så2) ((used to express manner) in this/that way: As you hope to be treated by others, so you must treat them; He likes everything to be (arranged) just so (= in one particular and precise way); It so happens that I have to go to an important meeting tonight.) sådan; således3) ((used in place of a word, phrase etc previously used, or something previously stated) as already indicated: `Are you really leaving your job?' `Yes, I've already told you / said so'; `Is she arriving tomorrow?' `Yes, I hope so'; If you haven't read the notice, please do so now; `Is that so (= true)?' `Yes, it's really so'; `Was your father angry?' `Yes, even more so than I was expecting - in fact, so much so that he refused to speak to me all day!) det; sådan; så at4) (in the same way; also: `I hope we'll meet again.' `So do I.'; She has a lot of money and so has her husband.) det samme; også5) ((used to express agreement or confirmation) indeed: `You said you were going shopping today.' `So I did, but I've changed my mind.'; `You'll need this book tomorrow, won't you?' `So I will.') det2. conjunction((and) therefore: John had a bad cold, so I took him to the doctor; `So you think you'd like this job, then?' `Yes.'; And so they got married and lived happily ever after.) derfor; så- so-so
- and so on/forth
- or so
- so as to
- so far
- so good
- so that
- so to say/speak
См. также в других словарях:
The Unicorn and the Wasp — Infobox Doctor Who episode caption=Having followed her to the lake, the titular Wasp is controlled by Agatha Christie (Fenella Woolgar) using the Firestone the object sought after by the titular Unicorn as the Doctor runs forward with Donna to… … Wikipedia
HISTORICAL SURVEY: THE STATE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS (1880–2006) — Introduction It took the new Jewish nation about 70 years to emerge as the State of Israel. The immediate stimulus that initiated the modern return to Zion was the disappointment, in the last quarter of the 19th century, of the expectation that… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Spinoza: the moral and political philosophy — The moral and political philosophy of Spinoza Hans W.Blom Spinoza as a moral and political philosopher was the proponent of a radical and extremely consistent version of seventeenth century Dutch naturalism. As a consequence of the burgeoning… … History of philosophy
Archaeology of the Cross and Crucifix — Archæology of the Cross and Crucifix † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Archæology of the Cross and Crucifix I. PRIMITIVE CRUCIFORM SIGNS The sign of the cross, represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles,… … Catholic encyclopedia
Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway — The Duke of Wellington s train and other locomotives being readied for departure from Liverpool, 15 September 1830 The opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L M) took place on 15 September 1830 … Wikipedia
Education of the Deaf and Dumb — Education of the Deaf and Dumb † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Education of the Deaf and Dumb Education essentially includes the process of encouraging, strengthening, and guiding the faculties, whether of mind or body, so as to make them… … Catholic encyclopedia
The Law of Conservation of Energy — The Law of Conservation of Energy † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Law of Conservation of Energy Amongst the gravest objections raised by the progress of modern science against Theism, the possibility of Miracles, free will, the… … Catholic encyclopedia
List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters — Faran redirects here. For the desert, see Desert of Paran. Below is a list of fictional characters appearing in The Elenium and The Tamuli, fantasy series written by David Eddings. For the various races, also read Major Races of Eosia and Tamul… … Wikipedia
The Maltese Falcon (1941 film) — The Maltese Falcon Theatrical release poster Directed by John Huston Produced by … Wikipedia
Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans — Flight and expulsion of Germans during and after World War II (demographic estimates) Background … Wikipedia
The Strands Series — is a series of books and short stories written by Gael Baudino between 1981 and 1994 and published between 1989 and 1997. The majority of the plot occurs in a fictional land named Adria, which is based on Medieval Western Europe, with parts of… … Wikipedia